Artem Alichanjan

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Artem Alikhanyan's plaque, Baghramyan ave.jpg

Artem Isahaki Alikhanian ( Armenian Արտեմ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան , Russian Артём Исаакович Алиханьян * June 11 . Jul / 24. June  1908 . Greg in Tbilisi ; † 25. February 1978 in Moscow ) was an Armenian - Soviet nuclear physicist and university teacher .

Life

Alichanjan, son of the Armenian actor Isahak Semjoni Alichanjan (1876-1946), studied at the University of Leningrad with a degree in 1931. As early as 1927 he worked at the Leningrad Physics-Technical Institute (until 1941). He worked on problems of nuclear physics , cosmic rays , accelerator physics and elementary particle physics . Together with his older brother Abram Isaakowitsch Alichanow and BS Dschelepow , he was one of the first to observe artificial radioactivity in 1934 . Also with his brother and MS Kosodajew he discovered the positron - electron - pairing . In 1936 the brothers, together with LA Arzimowitsch, demonstrated the conservation of energy and momentum in positron-electron annihilation . In 1940 he received his doctorate in physical-mathematical sciences . In 1941 Alichanjan received the Stalin Prize, 2nd class, for his radioactivity studies . In 1942 he was appointed professor. In the same year the brothers initiated an expedition to the Aragaz to look for protons as the third component of cosmic rays. They found particles with masses between those of protons and muons .

In 1943 Alichanjan became director of the Yerevan Physical Institute and head of a chair at the University of Yerevan (until 1973) and a member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences . In 1946 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR) and, in addition to his work in Yerevan, headed the Chair of Nuclear Physics of the Moscow Engineering- Physics Institute (MIFI) and the elementary particle laboratory of the Moscow Physical Institute of the AN-SSSR (until 1960 ). He examined elementary properties of the particle accelerator and built a 570- liter - bubble chamber . With his brother and V. Hambarzumjan he initiated in 1956 the electron synchrotron ARUS with 6 GeV in Yerevan, which was commissioned in 1967th In 1965 Harvard University invited him to the Loeb and Lee lectures in Physics . He developed a new type of spark chamber for particle detection , for which he received the Lenin Prize in 1970 . His students included GM Garibjan , AO Waissenberg and WG Kirillow-Ugrjumow .

Alichanyan was not a party member and in 1955 signed the Letter of the Three Hundred to the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union against Lysenkoism . He supported the dissident J. F. Orlow , organized AI Raikin's , AD Sakharov and JG Bonner's trips to Armenia and was in close contact with the artists M. Sarjan , AT Galenz and MK Avetisjan . He was friends with MS Shaginjan , MM Soschtschenko , DD Shostakovich , IJ Pomeranschuk , AB Migdal and LD Landau .

Alichanjan's life story is portrayed in the film Basrev, yes em (1966), which won an award at the Cannes International Film Festival .

Honors

Web links

Commons : Artem Alichanjan  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CERN Courier: Artem Alikhanian: the father of Armenian physics (accessed April 14, 2017).
  2. ↑ a b АЛИХАНЯН (АЛИХАНЬЯН) Артем Исаакович (accessed April 14, 2017).
  3. ↑ Article Alichanjan Artjom Isaakowitsch in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DAlichanjan%20Artjom%20Isaakowitsch~2b%3DAlichanjan%20Artjom%20Isaakowitsch
  4. ↑ a b c d Члены НАН РА: Артем Исакович Алиханян (accessed April 18, 2017).
  5. ↑ Article Alichanjan Isaak Semjonowitsch in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DAlichanjan%20Isaak%20Semjonowitsch~2b%3DAlichanjan%20Isaak%20Semjonowitsch
  6. ↑ AA Chilingarian, RG Mirzoyan, MZ Zazyan: Cosmic Ray research in Armenia . In: Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences) . tape 44 , no. 5 , 2009, p. 219-230 , doi : 10.3103 / S106833720905003X .
  7. ↑ Basrev, yes em (accessed April 18, 2017).
personal data
SURNAME Alichanjan, Artem
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Alichanjan, Artem Isahaki (full name); Արտեմ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան (hyS); Алиханьян, Артём Исаакович (Russian); Alichanyan, Artyom Issaakovich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Armenian-Soviet nuclear physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 24, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Tbilisi
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1978
Place of death Moscow