James Bjorken

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James Bjorken

James Daniel Bjorken (born June 22, 1934 in Chicago ) is an American theoretical physicist .

Life

By 1952 he attended Maine Township High School in Park Ridge . He then studied physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology until 1956 and received his doctorate in 1959 from Stanford University . He then taught and researched at that university and at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center from 1962 , except from 1979 to 1989 when he was director of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory . He has been retired since 1998. In 1995/96 he was visiting professor at Oxford .

He was the first to describe the Bjorken scaling, now named after him, for deep inelastic electron-proton scattering, which made a decisive contribution to demonstrating the existence of quarks . In 1964, together with Sheldon Glashow, he predicted the existence of a fourth quark, which he called "charmed particle" and which could be confirmed experimentally in 1974. He later developed a hydrodynamic model for core-core collisions and studied the properties of hadrons that contain bottom quarks.

His students include Helen Quinn (* 1943), who was also honored with the Dirac Medal in 2000, and Davison Soper (* 1943).

Prizes and awards

He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1973), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1974), the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2002), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , the Russian Academy of Sciences and has been with honored with many awards, such as the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics from the American Physical Society in 1972 , the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award from the US Department of Energy , the Pomeranschuk Prize from ITEP and in 2004 the Dirac Medal (ICTP) . He holds honorary doctorates from the University of Turin and the University of Notre Dame . In 2015 he was awarded the Wolf Prize for Physics and the High Energy and Particle Physics Prize , and in 2017 the Robert R. Wilson Prize .

Fonts

  • James Bjorken, Sidney Drell : Relativistic Quantum Mechanics. Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim 1990, ISBN 3-411-00098-8 (BI university pocket books; 98 / 98a).
    • English original edition: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics. McGraw-Hill, New York 1964, ISBN 0-07-005493-2 .
  • James Bjorken, Sidney Drell: Relativistic Quantum Field Theory. (German translation: J. Benecke, D. Maison, E. Riedel, Unveränd. Nachdr.) BI-Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim, Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-411-00101-1 (BI university paperback ; 101).
    • English original edition: Relativistic Quantum Fields. McGraw-Hill, New York 1965, ISBN 0-07-005494-0 .
  • Inequality for electron and muon scattering from nucleons . In: Phys. Rev. Lett. , Volume 16, 1966, p. 408
  • Current Algebra at Small Distances . In: J. Steinberger (Ed.): Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi Course XLI . Academic Press, New York 1968, pp. 55-81.
  • Asymptotic Sum Rules at Infinite Momentum . In: Phys. Rev. , Volume 179, 1969, pp. 1547-1553.
  • with EA Paschos: Inelastic electron-proton and -proton scattering and the structure of the nucleon . In: Phys. Rev. , Vol. 185, 1969, pp. 1975-1982

Web links

Commons : James Bjorken  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ JD Bjorken, SL Glashow: Elementary Particles and SU (4). In: Physics Letters . Volume 11, pp. 255-257, 1964.
  2. ^ JD Bjorken: Highly Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: The Central Rapidity Region . In: Physical Review D . tape 27 , 1983, pp. 140-151 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevD.27.140 .
  3. ^ JD Bjorken: Topics in B-Physics . In: Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements . tape 11 , 1989, pp. 325-341 , doi : 10.1016 / 0920-5632 (89) 90019-4 .
  4. ^ SLAC and Stanford's James D. Bjorken Shares 2015 Wolf Prize in Physics. SLAC, February 13, 2015, accessed on March 1, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Bjorken, James
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bjorken, James Daniel (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American theoretical physicist
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1934
PLACE OF BIRTH Chicago