Dan Shechtman

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Dan Shechtman
Quasi-periodic crystal as examined by Dan Shechtman.
Interview with Dan Shechtman after his Nobel Lecture

Daniel "Dan" Shechtman (also Schechtman ; Hebrew דן שכטמן; *  January 24, 1941 in Tel Aviv , then a League of Nations mandate for Palestine ) is an Israeli physicist . In 2011 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals .

Life

Dan Shechtman was born in Tel Aviv in 1941 and grew up first in Ramat Gan , then in Petach Tikwa , a few kilometers east of Tel Aviv.

His grandparents immigrated to Palestine during the Second Aliyah (1904–1914) and founded a printing company there. It is thanks to the impact of a book that Dan Shechtman turned to science and not to the printing trade. As a child he devoured Jules Verne's work " The Mysterious Island " countless times and his childhood dream was to become an engineer like Cyrus Smith, the hero of the novel.

"I thought that was the best thing a person could do. The engineer in the book knows mechanics and physics, and he creates a whole way of life on the island out of nothing. I wanted to be like that. ” ( “ I thought that was the best thing anyone could ever do. The engineer in this book knows about mechanics and physics and he creates a complete habitat from nothing on the island how he wanted to be me. " )

He began studying engineering and materials science at the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology) in Haifa . Shechtman did his B.Sc ( Bachelor of Science ) and M.Sc ( Master of Science ) at the Technion and received his doctorate there in 1972. Immediately after his graduation he went with his wife and his three daughters as NRC - Fellow in the US to the research laboratories of the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio for the US Air Force to investigate.

During his three-year research stay, he dealt with the microstructure and the physical-metallurgical properties of titanium aluminides. From 1975 he worked at the Institute for Materials Science at the Technion Technical University in Haifa.

Dan Shechtman is a professor at Technion and conducts research at the Louis Edelstein Center and the Wolfson Center, which he chairs. For many years he has supported the start- ups of Technion graduates by inviting entrepreneurs to give lectures there.

Work on quasicrystals

From 1981 to 1983 he worked on a sabbatical at Johns Hopkins University with rapidly solidifying aluminum-metal alloys, where he discovered the so-called icosahedral phase, which opened up the new research area of quasi-periodic crystals .

This discovery has long been criticized: "There are no quasi-crystals, only quasi-scientists," said Linus Carl Pauling, the Nobel laureate in chemistry who died in 1994 . The leader of Shechtman's research group recommended that he read the textbooks again and then urged him to leave the group so as not to embarrass them. Quasicrystals were later found by other researchers as well. In 2011 Shechtman received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, endowed with ten million Swedish kronor (approx. 1.1 million euros).

Private

Dan Shechtman is married to (T) zipora Shechtman, Head of the Department of Counseling and Human Development at the University of Haifa and author of several books and numerous articles in journals on the subject of psychotherapy. The couple have one son and three daughters.

Prices

Selected publications

  • D. Shechtman, I. Blech, D. Gratias, JW Cahn: Metallic phase with long-range orientational order and no translational symmetry. In: Physical Review Letters. Volume 53, 1984, pp. 1951-1953, doi: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett . 53.1951 . (This is the basic work for the Nobel Prize ).
  • D. Shechtman, I. Blech: The microstructure of rapidly solidified Al6Mn. In: Metallurgical Transactions. Volume 16A, 1985, pp. 1005-1012, doi: 10.1007 / BF02811670
  • D. Shechtman: Twin-determined growth of diamond films. In: Materials Science and Engineering. Volume A184, 1994, pp. 113-118, doi: 10.1016 / 0921-5093 (94) 91025-1 .
  • D. van Heerden, E. Zolotoyabko, D. Shechtman: Microstructure and strain in electrodeposited Cu / Ni multilayers. In: Journal of Materials Research. Volume 11, No. 11, 1996, pp. 2825-2833, doi: 10.1557 / JMR.1996.0357 .
  • I. Goldfarb, E. Zolotoyabko, A. Berner, D. Shechtman: Novel sample preparation technique for the study of multicomponent phase diagrams. In: Materials Letters. Volume 21, 1994, pp. 149-154, doi: 10.1016 / 0167-577X (94) 90209-7 .
  • D. Josell, D. Shechtman, D. van Heerden: fcc Titanium in Ti / Ni Multilayers. In: Materials Letters. Volume 22, 1995, pp. 275-279, doi: 10.1016 / 0167-577X (94) 90039-6 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Dan Shechtman  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 at nobelprize.org, October 5, 2011 (English; accessed October 5, 2011).
  2. a b Clear as crystal . Haaretz. April 1, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  3. Der Standard October 5, 2011: “Quasi-researcher” is still a Nobel Prize winner
  4. Video of the Technion on YouTube (6:11; English) , accessed on October 5, 2011
  5. Hartmut Wewetzer: Revolution in the crystal world. Der Tagesspiegel , October 5, 2011, accessed on April 7, 2012 .
  6. a b Patrick Lannin: Ridiculed crystal work wins Nobel for Israeli . In: Reuters , October 5, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011. 
  7. ^ David Bradley: Dan Shechtman discusses quasicrystals . ScienceBase. October 5, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2011. Shechtman video interview.
  8. Professor Tzipora Shechtman ( Memento from 1 April 2012 at the Internet Archive )
  9. He deserves it, wife of 2011 Nobel Chemistry laureate says ( Memento from October 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ^ Laureate - Dan Shechtman. In: Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings. Retrieved May 13, 2018 .
  11. ^ Shechtman Wins Chemistry Nobel for Crystal Find
  12. Prof. Dan Shachtman. In: emetprize.org. Retrieved November 14, 2017 .