Hans Fischer (chemist)

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Hans Fischer, 1930

Hans Fischer (born July 27, 1881 in Höchst am Main , † March 31, 1945 in Munich ) was a German chemist and doctor . For his work "on the structure of blood and plant pigments and for the synthesis of heme" Fischer was honored with the 1930 Nobel Prize in Chemistry .

biography

Fischer's parents were Anna Fischer, born Herdegen, and Associate Professor Eugen Fischer , a chemist and company director at the Wiesbaden company Kalle & Co . After primary school in Stuttgart, Fischer attended the humanistic high school in Wiesbaden, which he graduated from high school in 1899.

Hans Fischer as a student and fraternity member

Fischer then studied chemistry and medicine in Lausanne, Munich and Marburg. In Marburg he became a member of the Alemannia Marburg fraternity in 1899 . He completed his chemistry studies with Theodor Zincke at the University of Marburg in 1904 with a doctorate on the subject of contributions to knowledge of 4-oxy-1,2-toluic acid . This was followed by medical studies in Munich until 1908, and in 1908 Fischer received his doctorate in medicine.

Fischer then worked from 1908 to 1915 as an assistant at the Second Medical Clinic in Munich with Friedrich von Müller , and from 1910 to 1911 he did research at the First Chemical Institute in Berlin with Emil Fischer . In 1912, Fischer completed his habilitation as a professor of internal medicine; In 1913 he succeeded EF Weinland at the Physiological Institute in Munich. There he was appointed associate professor at the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich in 1915.

In 1916 Fischer was appointed to succeed Adolf Windaus as Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Innsbruck . From there he followed a call from the University of Vienna in 1918 , where he held the chair for medicinal chemistry until 1921. In 1921, Fischer became the successor to Heinrich Wieland as a professor of organic chemistry at the Technical University of Munich .

In 1935 Fischer married Wiltrud Haufe.

After his institute and his work had been destroyed by the effects of the Second World War, Fischer, out of desperation, decided to commit suicide in the spring of 1945. In 1947 his chair was taken by Stefan Goldschmidt .

He is the namesake of the non-profit Hans Fischer Society based in Munich .

Act

Fischer's life's work was the chemistry and constitution of pyrrole dyes . He worked on the bile pigments urobilin , biliverdin and bilirubin , which he successfully synthesized in 1942 . In 1928 Fischer succeeded in synthesizing the dye hemin .

Fischer also resumed the research on chlorophyll that Richard Willstätter had started , and in 1940 he was able to explain the structure of the molecule. He also worked on total synthesis, which was cut off by World War II and its aftermath. His research results were confirmed in 1960 by Robert B. Woodward's chlorophyll synthesis, on which an international team worked. Independent of Woodward and a few months before that, the total synthesis succeeded at Hans Fischer's place of work in Munich in a different way through his former employees Alfred Treibs and Martin Strell , who built on the work of Fischer. The aim of both groups was the synthesis of pheophorbide a , since Willstätter had already described the residual synthesis based on this molecule.

Honors and memberships

Fonts

  • with Hans Orth: The chemistry of pyrrole , 3 volumes, Leipzig 1934 to 1940

literature

Web links

Commons : Hans Fischer  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Life data, publications and academic family tree of Hans Fischer at academictree.org, accessed on February 6, 2018.
  2. ↑ Hans-Fischer-Gesellschaft e. V.
  3. ↑ Woodward, Total Synthesis of Chlorophyll , Angew. Chem. 72, 651-662 (1960).
  4. ↑ M. Strell, A. Kalojanoff, H. Koller, partial synthesis of the basic structure of chlorophyll a, of pheophorbide a , Angew. Chem., 72, 169-170 (1960).
  5. ↑ Eric Fontain, The Munich Chlorophyll Synthesis , Technical University of Munich, 2000
  6. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 81.
  7. ↑ Hans Fischer (chemist) in the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature of the IAU (WGPSN) / USGS
personal data
SURNAME Fischer, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist and physician, Nobel Prize winner for chemistry
DATE OF BIRTH July 27, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH High on the Main
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1945
Place of death Munich