Biliverdin

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Structural formula
Structure of biliverdin
General
Surname Biliverdin
Molecular formula C 33 H 34 N 4 O 6
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 114-25-0
EC number 204-042-2
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.675
PubChem 5280353
DrugBank DB02073
Wikidata Q422964
properties
Molar mass 582.65 g mol −1
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling
no classification available
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

The biliverdin (lat. Bilis "gall" viridis "green") is a green degradation product of the red blood pigment hemoglobin , specifically that of the hematoporphyrin , which, together with iron of the heme forms moiety. It is part of the heme - catabolism and precursor of bilirubin . The substance is responsible for a number of green colors in the body, including green blood in some animal species.

metabolism

Biliverdin belongs to the group of bilatriene . The globin component (a protein ) is broken down again into amino acids and made available again for the synthesis metabolism. Biliverdin is the precursor of bilirubin and is not toxic , but even has an antioxidant effect . It thus protects the vessels and fatty acids from oxidation . The substance is moderately soluble in water and is partially excreted in the urine .

In biliary disorders, liver cirrhosis and hepatitis , biliverdin occurs in higher concentrations in the blood. The degradation of this substance can be observed very well when a hematoma heals . The blue spot slowly turns green (biliverdin), later yellow (bilirubin). Biliverdin is the chromophore in bacterial phytochromes , red light receptors that are also found in plants. The jaundice , known as jaundice, can also appear in a green form as Verdinikterus , then mostly as occlusive icterus of a posthepatic disorder, i.e. after the liver.

The breakdown to bilirubin is catalyzed by the enzyme biliverdin reductase .

Green color

The bones of common garfish ( Belone belone ) and eel mother ( Zoarces viviparus ) are colored green by stored biliverdin . The eggshells of the pied flycatcher also owe their bluish color to biliverdin, which in this case is an indicator of the mother's vitality.

One type of skink in New Guinea has such a high concentration of biliverdin in the blood that it appears green. The name of the species Prasinohaema (Greek for "green blood") in the family of Sphenomorphinae refers to it. The Samkos bush frog (Chiromantis samkosensis) from the family of the rowing frogs also has green blood and turquoise bones due to stored biliverdin. There are also green-flowered fish, worm and leech species.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
  2. Guido Majno: Cells, Tissues, and Disease. Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-199-74892-1 , p. 118.
  3. Frank Jüttner, Maike Stiesch and Waldemar Ternes: Biliverdin: the blue-green pigment in the bones of the garfish (Belone belone) and eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). In: European Food Research and Technology , 236, 2013, pp. 943–953, doi: 10.1007 / s00217-013-1932-y (free full text).
  4. Alice Lanzke: Some lizards have green blood . N-TV. 18th May 2018.