Fraser Stoddart

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fraser Stoddart 2016

Sir James Fraser Stoddart (born May 24, 1942 in Edinburgh ) is a British - American chemist . In 2016, he and Jean-Pierre Sauvage and Ben Feringa received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for “the design and synthesis of molecular machines ”.

Live and act

Fraser Stoddart, the son of Thomas Fraser Stoddart and Jane Spalding Hislop Stoddart, attended Melville College in Edinburgh from 1950 to 1960 and then studied chemistry at the University of Edinburgh , in 1964 he received his Bsc , 1966 his Ph.D. (Supervisor: Edmund Hirst) and in 1980 the rarely awarded degree DSc. From 1967 to 1970, Stoddart was a post-graduate student at Queen's University in Kingston , Ontario , Canada . In 1970 he moved to the University of Sheffield , where he was lecturer in chemistry until 1978 and reader from 1981 to 1990. From 1978 to 1981 he conducted research at the Imperial Chemical Industries laboratory in Runcorn . From 1990 to 1997 Stoddart was Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Birmingham , 1993 to 1997 as Head of the School of Chemistry. From 1997 to 2003 he was Saul Winstein Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of California, Los Angeles , which he knew from a guest stay in 1978. Since 2003 he has been the Fred Kavli Professor of Nanosciences at the University of California, Los Angeles, and from 2003 to 2007 he was Director of the California NanoSystems Institute. Visiting professor at Texas A&M University in 1980 , in 1985 and 1987 in Messina University , Italy, and in 1987 in École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse , France .

Rotaxane
Catenane
Molecular Borromean Rings

Stoddart conducts research in the fields of nanosciences , supramolecular chemistry , physical organic chemistry and stereochemistry . He investigates dendrimers , katenanes (first developed by Jean-Pierre Sauvage ), rotaxanes and other non-covalent, but mechanically-bound substances, including chemical realizations of Borromean rings . Due to the non-covalent, mechanical bond, the structures have freedom of movement. Stoddart developed the first rotaxanes, in which a ring can move along a linear structure like an elevator. For the synthesis, he often uses the cyclophane cyclobis (paraquat-p-phenylene) (also called Stoddart's Blue Box , because he tends to color electron-poor structures blue in his presentations, electron-rich red), which is particularly electron-poor and therefore has aromatic rings, as a building block responds. He uses bistable catenanes and rotaxanes, in which the molecular structures can mechanically shift against each other, as molecular switches that can be activated chemically, electrically and optically. Other potential applications are actuators , amplifiers and sensors . He also works on artificial molecular machines (which were first developed by Ben Feringa in 1999). In the development of nanomechanical systems, he combines a bottom-up approach via molecular self-assembly and a top-down approach via microlithography and microfabrication.

In 2017, Stoddart developed an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of highly toxic cyanides in gold and silver mining using hydrogen peroxide and corn starch. To do this, he founded the company Cycladex in Nevada.

Since 1968 he was married to Norma Agnes Scholan († 2004), with whom he has two daughters.

Works

Stoddart published more than 800 scientific papers, including the monographs:

  • Some Studies on Plant Gums of the Acacia Genus Copy . Thesis (Ph. D.), University of Edinburgh, 1966.
  • Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates . Wiley-Interscience, New York 1971, ISBN 0-471-82650-2 .
  • Some adventures in stereochemistry . Thesis (D.Sc.), University of Edinburgh, 1980.
  • with Fritz Vögtle and Masakatsu Shibasaki as editors: Stimulating concepts in chemistry . Wiley-VCH, Weinheim [u. a.] 2000, ISBN 3-527-29978-5 .
  • with DB Ambilino: Interlocked and inertwined structures and superstructures , Chem. Rev., Volume 95, 1995, pp. 2725-2828
  • with Carson J. Bruns: The nature of the mechanical bond: from molecules to machines , Wiley 2017

Awards

Memberships

literature

Web links

Commons : Fraser Stoddart  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jose A. Bravo, Francisco M. Raymo, J. Fraser Stoddart, Andrew JP White and David J. Williams: Molecular meccano. Part 45. High yielding template-directed synthesis of [2] rotaxanes . In: European Journal of Organic Chemistry . 1998, pp. 2565-2571.
  2. ↑ Peter R. Ashton, Christopher L. Brown, Ewan JT Chrystal, Timothy T. Goodnow, Angel E. Kaifer, Keith P. Parry, Douglas Philp, Alexandra MZ Slawin, Neil Spencer, J. Fraser Stoddart, and David J. Williams: The self-assembly of a highly ordered [2] catenane . In: Chemical Communications . 1991, pp. 634-639; doi : 10.1039 / C39910000634 .
  3. ↑ Kelly S. Chichak, Stuart J. Cantrill, Anthony R. Pease, Sheng-Hsien Chiu, Gareth WV Cave, Jerry L. Atwood, J. Fraser Stoddart: Molecular Borromean Rings . In: Science . Volume 304, 2004, pp. 1308-1312
  4. ^ Vincenzo Balzani , Alberto Credi, Françisco M. Raymo and J. Fraser Stoddart: Artificial molecular machines . In: Angewandte Chemie . Volume 112, No. 19, pp. 3484-3530; English as: Artificial Molecular Machines . In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition . Volume 39, 2000, pp. 3384-3391.
  5. ^ Jon Yeomans, Nobel Prize winner Sir Fraser Stoddart hopes to turn gold mines green , The Telegraph, March 15, 2017
  6. ↑ Member entry by Sir J. Fraser Stoddart (with picture) at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on July 22, 2016.
  7. ^ National Academy of Sciences Members and Foreign Associates Elected. ( Memento of the original from August 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Press release from the National Academy of Sciences (nasonline.org) dated April 29, 2014  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nasonline.org
  8. ^ New members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Angewandte Chemie, January 9, 2018, accessed January 11, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Stoddart, Fraser
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stoddart, Sir James Fraser
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British chemist
DATE OF BIRTH May 24, 1942
PLACE OF BIRTH Edinburgh