Chelyabinsk Oblast
Subject of the Russian Federation
Chelyabinsk Oblast
Челябинская область
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Coordinates: 54 ° 10 ′ N , 60 ° 15 ′ E
The Chelyabinsk Oblast ( Russian Челябинская область / Tscheljabinskaja oblast ) is an oblast in Russia .
The oblast is located in the southern Urals and in the western Siberian lowlands to the east . It borders in the southeast on Kazakhstan , in the west on the Republic of Bashkortostan , in the north on the Sverdlovsk Oblast , in the south on the Orenburg Oblast and in the east on the Kurgan Oblast . The climate is strongly continental with cold winters and hot summers.
The Chelyabinsk fortress was built in 1736 , but the population did not increase until the 19th century when the railroad reached the region. Due to the arms industry, Chelyabinsk Oblast was closed to visitors during Soviet times. Three out of ten closed cities in the former Soviet Union were located here .
history
There are numerous settlements of the Early Bronze Age in the area that are assigned to the Andronowo culture . Including the settlements Arkaim and Sintaschta from the 2nd millennium BC. So far 22 settlement points have been discovered. It is assumed that the Sarmatians populated the region during this period.
The region was originally settled by the Bashkirs . These lived under Mongolian rule for centuries. Although the area was nominally part of Tsarist Russia since the 16th century , Slavic settlement did not begin until the early 18th century. From 1744 to 1919 it belonged to the Orenburg governorate . On August 27, 1919, the Chelyabinsk Governorate was formed. On November 3, 1923, it disappeared from the map again. Chelyabinsk became part of the Ural Oblast . On January 17, 1934, this oblast was divided. The Chelyabinsk Oblast emerged from a sub-area . Since the separation of Kurgan Oblast on February 6, 1943, the borders of the oblast have remained unchanged.
population
The last censuses in 2002 and 2010 showed a population of 3,603,339 and 3,476,217 respectively. The number of inhabitants thus fell by 127,122 people (−3.52%) in these eight years. In 2010, 2,849,923 people lived in cities. This corresponds to 81.98% of the population (in Russia 73%). By January 1, 2014, however, the population rose again to 3,490,053. The distribution of the different ethnic groups was as follows:
nationality | VZ 1989 | percent | VZ 2002 | percent | VZ 2010 | percent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russians | 2,929,507 | 80.98 | 2,965,885 | 82.31 | 2,829,899 | 81.41 |
Tatars | 224,605 | 6.21 | 205.087 | 5.69 | 180.913 | 5.20 |
Bashkirs | 161.169 | 4.45 | 166,372 | 4.62 | 162,513 | 4.67 |
Ukrainians | 109,615 | 3.03 | 76,994 | 2.14 | 50,081 | 1.44 |
Kazakhs | 33,230 | 0.92 | 36,219 | 1.01 | 35,297 | 1.02 |
German | 39,215 | 1.08 | 28,457 | 0.79 | 18,687 | 0.54 |
Belarusians | 29,068 | 0.80 | 20,355 | 0.56 | 13,035 | 0.37 |
Mordwinen | 27,095 | 0.75 | 18,138 | 0.50 | 12,147 | 0.35 |
Armenians | 2,293 | 0.06 | 8,601 | 0.24 | 9,311 | 0.27 |
Nagai hooks | (Tatars) | 0.00 | 9,087 | 0.25 | 7,679 | 0.22 |
Tajiks | 870 | 0.02 | 5.125 | 0.14 | 7,375 | 0.21 |
Azerbaijanis | 3,475 | 0.10 | 7,379 | 0.20 | 7.213 | 0.21 |
Tschuwaschen | 12,659 | 0.35 | 9,483 | 0.26 | 6,819 | 0.20 |
Jews | 11,067 | 0.31 | 4,930 | 0.14 | 3,358 | 0.10 |
Residents | 3,617,752 | 100.00 | 3,603,339 | 100.00 | 3,476,217 | 100.00 |
Note: the proportions refer to the total number of inhabitants. Including the group of people who did not provide any information about their ethnic affiliation (2002 8,576 and 2010 99,144 people)
The area's population is over 80% Russians. The Tatars, Bashkirs and Ukrainians are the most important ethnic minorities in Chelyabinsk Oblast. Other larger ethnic groups are the Kazakhs, Russian Germans (1959: still 48,675 people), Belarusians, Mordvins, Chuvashes and Jews. With the exception of the Kazakhs, their number is falling sharply. By contrast, tens of thousands of people have immigrated from the North Caucasus, Transcaucasus and Central Asia since the end of the Second World War. In addition to the nationalities listed above, there are also many Uzbeks (1959: 1,807; 2010: 6,446 people).
economy
The Chelyabinsk Oblast is one of the fastest developing regions in Russia and has traditionally been considered a major industrial center of the country. The leading industry is metallurgy, as the region is rich in mineral resources such as iron ore, zinc and others. This accounts for over 60 percent of the total volume of industrial production. The largest share is provided by the iron and steel combine in the city of Magnitogorsk , one of the largest steelworks in the world. The importance of metallurgy also stimulated mechanical engineering and metal processing, which are other important branches of industry. In the companies in the region u. a. Trucks, bulldozers, mechanical planers, tractors or trams are manufactured. The oblast is also a concentration point for many arms factories.
Administrative division and largest cities
The oblast is divided into 27 Rajons and 16 districts . Four of the city districts also have the status of a “closed city” (SATO).
The most important cities besides the capital and metropolis of Chelyabinsk , the cities Magnitogorsk , Zlatoust , Miass and Kopeisk . There are a total of 30 cities and 13 urban-type settlements in the oblast .
Surname | Russian name | Resident October 14, 2010 |
---|---|---|
Chelyabinsk | Челябинск | 1.130.132 |
Magnitogorsk | Magnitogorsk | 407.775 |
Zlatoust | Златоуст | 174,962 |
Miass | Миасс | 151.751 |
Koperisk | Копейск | 137.601 |
Osjorsk | Озёрск | 82.164 |
Troitsk | Троицк | 78,372 |
Chelyabinsk meteorite impact
On Friday morning February 15, 2013 at 9:15 a.m. local time, a meteorite storm hit the region. More than a thousand people were injured. The roof of a building of a zinc plant in Chelyabinsk collapsed over 600 square meters as a result of the hail of meteorites. The decline of the meteorite was well documented by numerous photo and video recordings. At least six cities were affected by the impact, where windows and roofs were damaged.
Web links
- Official website of the Government of Chelyabinsk Oblast (Russian)
- Official website of the Governor of Chelyabinsk Oblast (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Marina Anselm: Archeology: Arkaim - The enigmatic spiral city in the Urals . In: THE WORLD . January 15, 2010 ( welt.de [accessed on August 12, 2020]).
- ↑ RIA Novosti : Meteorite Fall in the Urals of February 15, 2013
- ^ Spiegel Online: Meteorite hail in Russia: "A bang, splinters of glass" from February 15, 2013
- ↑ Saarbrücker Zeitung : Around 400 injured after a meteorite strike in Russia: 6 cities affected ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated February 15, 2013