Arkaim

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Arkaim ( Russian Аркаим ) is an archaeological site in the Ural Steppes , 8.2 km north-northwest of Amursky and 2.3 km south-southeast of Alexandrovsky , two villages in Chelyabinsk Oblast , on Russia's border with Kazakhstan .

The settlement of the Andronovo culture is generally dated to the 17th century BC. Dated. Other considerations suggest that Arkaim was around 2,000 BC. BC originated.

Discovery and excavation

A group of scientists from Chelyabinsk , who were supposed to prepare the area for a flood to create a reservoir , discovered the site in 1987; The site was examined through emergency excavations under the leadership of Gennadii Zdanowitsch. Initially, the Soviet authorities ignored the finds and stuck to the plan to flood the area - as Sarkel had done before - but had to abandon these plans. Arkaim was listed as a Historic Monument in 1991 and in May 2005 then- President of Russia Vladimir Putin visited the site.

settlement

Although the settlement was burned down and abandoned, many details have been preserved. Arkaim is much better preserved than the similarly laid out neighboring Sintashta , where the oldest chariots were excavated. The site was protected by two circular ramparts. There was a central square, surrounded by two spiral rings, separated by a street. So far, 30 houses have been discovered on the rings, all of which were of the same size.

The settlement covered about 20,000 m². The diameter of the surrounding walls was 160 m. They were made of earth packed in wooden frames and reinforced with air-dried mud bricks. They were 4–5 m thick and 5.5 m high. A 2 m deep ditch surrounded the settlement.

There were four entrances through the outer and inner walls, with the main entrance on the west. The buildings had areas between 110 and 180 m². The outer ring had 39 or 40 houses, the entrances to the ring-shaped road in the center of the settlement; the inner ring consisted of 27 houses with doors opening onto the 25 m by 27 m square in the center. The main road was drained by a covered canal. Zdanowitsch estimates that 1500 to 2500 people could have lived in the settlement.

Finds

A skeleton with a strangely elongated skull was found in a grave in Arkaim. Scientist Maria Makurova ( Russian Мария Макурова ) told TASS that the woman buried in the tomb around 200-300 AD belonged to the Sarmati tribe .

literature

  • Jones-Bley, K .; Zdanovich, DG (Ed.): Complex Societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC , 2 vol., JIES Monograph Series No. 45/46, Washington DC 2002, ISBN 0-941694-83-6 , ISBN 0 -941694-86-0 .
  • Panel-Philippe, G .; Stone-Peter, G .: The Constructed Past: Experimental Archeology, Education and the Public. Routledge 1999, ISBN 0-415-11768-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://arkaim-home.narod.ru/de/arkaim01.htm
  2. ↑ Terra X: Schliemann's Heirs, The Legacy of the Steppe Warriors , first broadcast: ZDF January 17, 2010 Documentation on ZDF
  3. ^ Archeology: Arkaim - The enigmatic spiral city in the Urals . In: Die Welt online on January 15, 2010, accessed on January 15, 2010.
  4. ↑ Strange long skull discovered in Russia's Stonehenge , Yahoo News - Wed, Jul 29, 2015
  5. ↑ Ученый: необычный череп, найденный челябинскими археологами, принадлежал женщине , TASS 28 июля +, 5:25 pm

Web links

Coordinates: 52 ° 38 ′ 57.1 ″  N , 59 ° 34 ′ 17 ″  E