Mari El

Subject of the Russian Federation Republic of Mari El Республика Марий Эл ( Russian ) Марий Эл Республик ( Wiesenmari ) Мары Эл Республик ( Bergmari ) flag coat of arms Federal district Volga surface 23,375  km² population 696,459 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) Population density 30 inhabitants / km² Capital Yoshkar-Ola Official languages Mari , Russian Ethnic composition Russians (45.1%) Mari (41.8%) Tatars (5.5%) Chuvashes (0.9%) (as of 2010) president Alexander Evstifejew (acting) Founded November 4, 1920 Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone prefixes (+7) 836xx Postcodes 424000-425999 License Plate 12 OKATO 88 ISO 3166-2 RU-ME Website www.gov.mari.ru

Coordinates: 56 ° 30 '  N , 48 ° 0'  E

The Republic of Mari El ( Russian Республика Марий Эл , Bergmari Мары Эл Республик , Wiesenmari Марий Эл Республик , translated “the country of Mari”) is an autonomous republic in the eastern part of European Russia . It lies on the central reaches of the Volga in the area of ​​the Cheboksarsk Reservoir and extends between 400 and 800 km east of Moscow , about halfway to the Urals .

geography

Yalchik Lake, the largest lake in Mari El

Most of the republic is north of the Volga, east of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and northwest of Tatarstan and its city of Kazan . In the south it borders on the autonomous republic of Chuvashia , which is already on the right side of the Volga.

population

The titular nation is the Mari , a Finno-Ugric people who were formerly known as the "Cheremissi". They speak two related languages, mountain and meadow mari . Just behind the Russians, the Mari are the second largest ethnic group in the republic. Only about half of all Mari live in their republic. In addition to Mari and Russians, the Tatars are another important nationality in Mari El. Smaller minorities are the Chuvashes and Ukrainians . The area has been declining in population since 1989. This was 52,873 people (1989-2010) or around 7%.

The official languages ​​are both Mari languages ​​and Russian . In terms of religion, the Russian Orthodox Church predominates (66 parishes), there are also followers of ethnic religions (3 communities), Muslims (14 associations) and Protestants (42 parishes).

Ethnic group	VZ 1926		VZ 1939		VZ 1959		VZ 1970		VZ 1979		VZ 1989		VZ 2002		VZ 2010 2
	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%	number	%
Mari 1	247.979	51.4%	273,332	47.2%	279,450	43.1%	299.179	43.7%	306,627	43.5%	324,349	43.3%	312.178	42.9%	290,863	41.8%
Russians	210.016	43.6%	266,951	46.1%	309.514	47.8%	320.825	46.9%	334,561	47.5%	355.973	47.5%	345,513	47.5%	313,947	45.1%
Tatars	20,219	4.2%	27,149	4.7%	38,821	6.0%	40.279	5.9%	40,917	5.8%	43,850	5.9%	43,377	6.0%	38,357	5.5%
Tschuwaschen	2.184	0.5%	5,504	0.9%	9,065	1.4%	9,032	1.3%	8,087	1.1%	8,993	1.2%	7,418	1.0%	6,025	0.9%
Ukrainians	86	0.0%	1,805	0.3%	2,728	0.4%	4,563	0.7%	4,454	0.6%	5,344	0.7%	5,097	0.7%	3,601	0.5%
German	36	0.01%	247	0.04%	1,140	0.18%	768	0.11%	527	0.07%	544	0.07%	532	0.07%	399	0.06%
Other	1,581	0.3%	4,622	0.8%	6,962	1.1%	10.102	1.5%	9,034	1.3%	10,279	1.4%	13,864	1.9%	43,267	6.2%
Residents	482.101	100%	579.610	100%	647.680	100%	684.748	100%	704.207	100%	749.332	100%	727.979	100%	696.459	100%
1 Mari, Berg- und Wiesenmari (2002 17,715 and 2010 23,502 Bergmari) 2 34,129 people could not be assigned to any ethnic group. These people are probably distributed in the same proportion as the ethnically classified inhabitants.

Administrative divisions and cities

Yoshkar-Ola

→ Main article : Administrative divisions of the Republic of Mari El

The republic is divided into 14 Rajons and three urban districts . The urban districts are formed by the capital Yoshkar-Ola , the only major city , and the only other cities with more than 20,000 inhabitants, Kosmodemjansk and Wolschsk . There are a total of four cities and 15 urban-type settlements in the republic .

Biggest places

City / town settlement	Russian	Mari **	Residents (October 14, 2010)
Yoshkar-Ola *	Йошкар-Ола	Йошкар-Ола	248,782
Wolschsk *	Волжск	Юлсер-Ола	55,659
Kosmodemyansk *	Козьмодемьянск	Чыкма ( Цикмӓ )	21,257
Medvedevo	Медведево	Маскасола	16,841
Zvenigowo *	Звенигово	Провой	11,946
Sowetski	Советский	У Роҥго ( У Ронго )	10,664

Notes: * City ** Name on east or meadow mari; in brackets, if different, on West- or Bergmari

See also : List of cities in the Republic of Mari El

history

The area that the Mari inhabited was for a long time disputed between the Kazan Khanate and Russia and thus also between Islam and the Russian Orthodox Church. It finally came to Russia in the middle of the 16th century and has shared its history ever since. In 1936, the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was founded, from which the Mari El Republic emerged in 1991.

politics

Mari El is a presidential republic. The current president and head of government is Alexander Evstifeev . Four political groups are represented in parliament, the state assembly. There is a small national Mari movement . Your most important party is Mari Uschem.

economy

Mari El is located in the densely forested region ( taiga ), 57% of its area is covered by forest. Forestry is a correspondingly important branch of industry . Other branches of industry are mechanical engineering and electrical engineering.

Web links

Commons : Republic of Mari El  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of the Republic of Mari El

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
3. ↑ Nacional'nyj sostav naselenija po sub "ektam Rossijskoj Federacii. (XLS) In: Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Rosstat, accessed on June 30, 2016 (Russian, ethnic composition of the population according to federal subjects , results of the 2010 census). 
4. ^ Hanka Kliesch: On the linguistic situation in the Republic of Mari El . (PDF) 2001, p. 15.
5. ^ Population of the Russian territorial units by nationality 2010. ( MS Excel ) Lines 566–576 (Russian)