Vologda Oblast

Subject of the Russian Federation Vologda Oblast Вологодская область flag coat of arms Federal district Northwest Russia surface 144,527  km² population 1,202,444 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) Population density 8.3 inhabitants / km² Administrative center Vologda Official language Russian Ethnic composition Russians (96.6%) Ukrainians (0.97%) (as of 2002) governor Oleg Kuwschinnikow Founded September 23, 1937 Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone prefixes (+7) 817xx, 820xx Postcodes 160000-162999 License Plate 35 OKATO 19th ISO 3166-2 RU-VLG Website www.vologda-oblast.ru

Coordinates: 60 ° 0 ′  N , 41 ° 0 ′  E

The Vologda Oblast ( Russian Вологодская область / Vologodskaja oblast ) is an oblast in the federal district of northwestern Russia . It was founded on September 23, 1937.

history

In the first centuries of our era , the indigenous population consisted of the Finno-Ugric tribes of the Wepsen , who lived on the White Lake , and the Savolochskaya-Chuden , whose settlement areas were west of the Kubenskoye Lake .

It was not until the 5th - 6th centuries that the Eastern Slavs began to develop the area. The colonization of the Russian north took place from the west ( Slovenes / Ilmenslawen ) as well as from the south ( Kriwitschen ).

In 862 Beloosero (today Belozersk ) was mentioned as the first settlement. Cities like Vologda and Veliki Ustyug followed in the 12th century . During this time, the western parts of today's Vologodskaya oblast were under the influence of the Veliky Novgorod Principality , while the central and eastern areas were under the rule of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality .

Map of the Vologda governorate

In 1238, the principality of Beloosero, which was independent of Rostov-Suzdal, was formed from this territory, but it was incorporated into the Moscow Empire in the 14th century . Most of the cities of today's Vologodskaya oblast only received city rights during the reforms under Catherine II.

During the first administrative reform, the western part of today's oblast became part of the Ingermanland governorate , the eastern part belonged to the Archangelgorod governorate . In 1780 the governorship of Vologda was founded, which was converted into the Vologda governorate in 1796 and consisted of seven Ujesdi . The eastern part belonged to this governorate until 1927. The western part belonged to the Novgorod Governorate from 1727 to 1927 . On July 15, 1929, both areas became part of the new Northern Krais . After its dissolution, the area became part of the new Northern Oblast from December 5 to September 23 . This short-lived oblast was then divided and one of the successor subjects was the new Vologda Oblast.

In 1918 Vologda became the "diplomatic capital of Russia" for five months, with eleven embassies from the world's largest countries. And from 1941 to June 1944, a small part of western Finland was occupied.

Geography, climate and nature

The oblast borders in the north on Arkhangelskaya oblast , in the east on Kirovskaya oblast , in the south on Kostromskaya and Yaroslavskaya oblast , in the south-west on Tverskaya and Novgorodskaya oblast , in the west on Leningradskaya oblast and in the north-west on the Republic of Karelia .

The Vologda Oblast is located in the northeast of the Eastern European Plain , the relief is hilly, low-lying plains (Prioneschskaya, Mologo-Sheksninskaya), ridges (Andogskaya, Beloserskaya, Kirillowskaya Grjada) and ridges (Andomskoye, Vepsovskoye, Vologodskoye, Vologodskoye) alternate -, Verkhnevashskoye Heights, North Russian Ridge ). There are hardly any natural resources - deposits of peat , building materials and mineral water. The climate is continental temperate with cold winters (mean temperature in January −14 °) and warm summers (mean temperature in July + 18 °). The amount of precipitation is comparatively large, 500 mm per year, with low evaporation, which is why the oblast is rich in rivers, lakes and swamps.

Large rivers flow here: Sukhona with tributaries Vologda and Dwiniza , Jug with Lusa , Mologa with Chagodoschtscha , Scheksna , Andoma , the upper reaches of Unscha . In the southwest lies the large Rybinsk Reservoir , in the west Belojesee , Kubenskojesee and Woscheee . Lake Onega in the north is connected to the Volga by the Volga-Baltic Sea Canal . Plant life is typical of the middle and southern taiga . Forests, mostly pine forests, cover about 2/3 of the territory of the oblast. The fauna is also typical of Taiga: elk , brown bear , wolverine , mountain hare , stone marten , badger , wolf , fox ; Birds: partridge , black grouse , hazel grouse . In rivers and lakes there are salmon , bream , pikeperch , perch , pike and others. Nature is in a national park Russki Sewer and in the nature reserve Darwinski protected.

Social situation

• Advantages over other subjects of Russia: industry specializing in export secures higher income in the budget of the region and higher income for the population of the industrial center of the region - Cherepovets ; balanced differences in income in different industries; lower poverty line; lower unemployment rate; Population has easier access to health care services, child care and schooling.
• Social problems: economy depends on a single company; Concentration of population, economic activity and income in two large cities and their surroundings with economic and social degradation of the broad periphery; lower quality of life, lifespan and level of education.

population

The inhabitants of the oblast are called Wologscháne. The indigenous population are the Tschuden and Wepsen . Both ethnic groups have almost completely absorbed into Russia.

With the average population density of 8.7 inhabitants per km², it is no greater than 4 inhabitants per km² in the northern and eastern parts, which corresponds to the population density of Siberia. The urbanized southern part (suburban districts of Cherepovets and Vologda and the neighboring districts of Sheksna, Grjasowets and Sokol) is more densely populated (10 to 70 inhabitants per km²).

In the last Russian censuses in 2002 and 2010, there were a population of 1,269,568 and 1,202,444 residents respectively. The number of inhabitants thus fell by 67,124 people (−5.29%) in these eight years. In 2010, 849,853 people lived in cities. This corresponds to 70.68% of the population (in Russia 73.72%). By January 1, 2014, the population continued to decrease to 1,193,371 people. The distribution of the different ethnic groups was as follows:

Landscape on the Mologa

Population of the oblast by ethnic group

nationality	VZ 1989	percent	VZ 2002	percent	VZ 2010	percent
Russians	1,301,516	96.48	1,225,957	96.56	1,112,658	92.53
Ukrainians	19,134	1.42	12,297	0.97	8,602	0.72
Belarusians	7,419	0.55	4,918	0.39	3,278	0.27
Azerbaijanis	1,506	0.11	2,665	0.21	2,596	0.22
Armenians	866	0.06	2,150	0.17	2,469	0.21
Zigane	1.952	0.14	2,079	0.16	1,872	0.16
Tatars	1,843	0.14	1,857	0.15	1,519	0.13
Uzbeks	505	0.04	413	0.03	1,250	0.10
Moldovans	1,427	0.11	1,048	0.08	939	0.08
Tschuwaschen	1,159	0.09	911	0.07	676	0.06
Georgians	1,252	0.09	987	0.08	673	0.06
German	865	0.06	955	0.08	641	0.05
Wepsen	728	0.05	426	0.03	412	0.03
Residents	1,349,022	100.00	1,269,568	100.00	1,202,444	100.00

Note: the proportions refer to the total number of inhabitants. Including the group of people who did not provide any information about their ethnic affiliation (2002 5,668 and 2010 58,511 people)

The area's population today is almost entirely Russian. Other major ethnic groups that have settled there historically or since the early days of the Soviet Union are the Ukrainians, Belarusians and Wepsen (indigenous people). After the Second World War, numerous people came from other regions of the Soviet Union. However, their numbers are falling sharply. By contrast, several thousand people have immigrated from the North Caucasus, Transcaucasus and Central Asia since 1945.

Administrative divisions and cities

→ Main article : Administrative division of Vologda Oblast

The Vologda Oblast is divided into 26 Rajons and two urban districts , formed by the only two major cities , the administrative center of Vologda and the somewhat larger industrial city of Cherepovets . Compared to most of the subjects of Central and Northwestern Russia, Vologda Oblast is less urbanized (only 69% of the population live in cities) and has few large towns. The oblast has only two medium- sized towns - Veliki Ustyug and Sokol - with more than 30,000 inhabitants; Eleven of the cities are small towns with less than 5 to 16 thousand inhabitants. District centers of half of the districts are urban-type villages or settlements . There are a total of 15 cities and nine urban-type settlements in the oblast.

Biggest places

City / town Settlement*	Russian	Residents (October 14, 2010)
Cherepovets	Череповец	312.310
Vologda	Вологда	301,755
Sokol	Сокол	38,452
Veliky Ustyug	Великий Устюг	31,665
Sheksna *	Шексна	20,953
Gryazovets	Грязовец	15,528

See also : List of cities in Vologda Oblast

administration

The governor of the Oblast and the administrative bodies formed by him represent the executive branch of the Vologda Oblast. He represents the oblast in relations with the government and local governments of other subjects of the state.

The executive power is the government of Vologda Oblast, since 1996 it has been headed by Governor Vyacheslav Posgalyov . After Posgalyov announced his resignation in December 2011, Oleg Kuwschinnikow was appointed acting governor.

The legislative branch is the Legislative Assembly ( Duma ) made up of 34 deputies. Meetings are chaired by the chairman, who is elected by the deputies in a secret ballot.

economy

The oblast ranks second in Russia in terms of the ratio of industrial production to population. In 2004, 16% steel, 11% mineral fertilizer, 14.5 ball bearings, 7% construction timber, 11.4% linen fabric were produced in the oblast. 1.5% of exports from Russia are made in Vologda Oblast.

Vologda Oblast is strongly integrated into the world economy. Foreign trade sales in 2004 were $ 3.082 billion. Goods worth $ 2.741 were exported. In terms of the ratio of exports to the number of inhabitants, the oblast ranks sixth in Russia and second in northwestern Russia . Export products are primarily the production of the giants of the steel industry: Severstal AG , Tscherepowez-Stahlwerk, Ammofos AG, Asot AG, Vologdaer ball bearing company.

Economic growth is secured primarily by the steel industry. This link makes the economy and the social sphere of the oblast heavily dependent on the financial and economic situation of the Severstal holding companies located on the territory of the oblast. The importance of the Severstal is proven by the fact that it secures more than 80% of the tax revenue in the budget of the oblast.

Agriculture, as in other areas of Russia without black soil, remains a critical sector of the economy. In the years 1990-2003 the number of livestock was 2.9 times smaller. The oblast specializes in the production of milk, but production volumes are only growing in the suburbs of the more populated and transport-oriented south, i.e. close to the sales markets. Four Rajons out of 26 (Vologda, Tscherepowez, Grjasowez, Scheksna) produce 55% of the milk of the entire oblast. Only large poultry farms recorded stable growth in the other areas of agriculture. They are near Vologda and Cherepovets or in between (Sheksna Rajon). As a result, agriculture continues to be concentrated in some suburban rajons, at the same time the agricultural sector in the periphery of the oblast is degraded, it only remains through logging. Even so, the oblast exports considerable quantities of food: milk, poultry, meat, famous Vologda butter.

Some types of traditional handicrafts have survived to this day: Vologda lace , the largest center of lace manufacture in Russia is the Vologda company Snezhinka ; Unique craft of Veliky Ustyug - Schemog, or carving of birch bark and silver blackening .

traffic

The distance between Vologda and Moscow is 497 km.

Motor transport

Federation motorway - M8 "Kholmogory" (Moscow - Yaroslavl - Vologda - Arkhangelsk )

Federal Road - A114 (Vologda - Novaya Ladoga - M18 )

Important motorways:

Sukhon Street ( Totma - Nyuksenitsa - Veliky Ustyug )

R5 (Vologda - Kirillow - Wytegra )

R6 ( Cherepovets - Belozersk - Lipin Bor )

R7 ( Chekschino - Totma - Nikolsk )

railroad

Vologda Railway Station is a major railway junction, there are four main directions of traffic: north ( Arkhangelsk , Murmansk , Vorkuta ), west ( Saint Petersburg ), south ( Moscow ) and south-east (central Russia, Urals and Siberia ).

The forest railway Bely Rutschei is a 63 km long narrow-gauge railway near Depo in Wytegra district.

air traffic

Airport in Vologda (flights to Moscow, Veliky Ustyug, Kitschmenski Gorodok , Wytegra)

Airport in Cherepovets (flights to Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Petrozavodsk )

Inland shipping

Inland port in Cherepovets is one of the largest on the Volga-Baltic Canal . Ships can be loaded and unloaded at the quay wall, which is more than 900 meters long. The port has motorized and unpowered cargo ships with a tonnage of over 61,000 t, tugs, special ships and port cranes with a lifting capacity of 5 to 40 t, passenger ships, open and covered storage rooms.

telecommunications

• Fixed network: Telekom Nordwest AG has a monopoly .
• Mobile telephony: at the beginning of 2005, three telecommunication companies are offering their services on the territory of the oblast: Megafon (about 70% of the market), MTS , Beeline . Cellular connection is possible in 19 Rajons (coverage of the territory is uneven - cellular services are not offered in the eastern areas, apart from Totma and Velikiy Ustyug). Total number of users is 600,000.

media

There are few mass media outlets, typically controlled by the oblast government.

The largest regional newspaper is Krasny Sever (since 1917). Other regional newspapers are Russki Sever , Nasch Region , Premjer , Chronometr .

Regional television is represented by the branch of the public broadcaster “Fernsehen Vologda”.

Radio stations: Transmit , Premjer , Vologodskoye Radio .

News agencies: Vologda Oblast Information Center Vologda Oblast News , Sever-Inform .

Culture, tourism

A number of cities and settlements in the oblast - e.g. B. Belozersk , Veliki Ustyug , Vologda , Ustyuschna and Totma - have the status of a "Historic City of Russia" and are under protection. Veliky Ustyug has been the official home of Father Frost (Дед or Дедушка Мороз), Russian Santa Claus , since 1999 .

Leading museums are the History-architectural and art history museum reserves ( Историко-архитектурный и художественный музей-заповедник ) in Wologda , Kirillov and Weliki-Ustjug and the museum in Tot'ma ( Тотемский краеведческий музей ) and the Museumsbund in Tscherepowez ( Череповецкое музейное объединение ). In Semenkovo ​​near Vologda there is the Architectural-Ethnographic Museum of the Oblast ( Архитектурно-этнографический музей Вологодской области ).

Of particular interest are monuments of religious architecture , including the Savior Prilutsky Dmitri Monastery ( Спасо-Прилуцкий Дмитрьев монастырь ) in Vologda , the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery ( Кирилло-Белозерский монастырь ) in Kirillov and many others. Because of its significant wall and ceiling paintings , the 1502 Master Dionisi were painted, the most famous was fortified monastery of the Oblast , the Ferapontov Monastery of the Nativity of Our Lady ( Богородице-Рождественский Ферапонтов монастырь ) in Ferapontowo , in 2002 on the List of World Heritage of UNESCO included.

The oblast is famous for its abundance of preserved timber architecture monuments. Nevertheless, their number is continuously decreasing for various reasons, and the buildings that have been preserved fall into disrepair. Sun burned 1963 Mary protection Intercession Church ( Покровская церковь ) in Anchimowo in Vytegra , the immediate predecessor of the Savior's Transfiguration Church in Kizhi , from.

Hunting and fishing tourism are well developed in the oblast, so-called village tourism is emerging .

Web links

Commons : Vologda Oblast  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website (Russian, German, English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
3. ↑ Медведев отправил в отставку вологодского губернатора Позгалева