Ferapontow Monastery
The Ferapontov Monastery ( Russian Ферапонтов монастырь ) is a fortified monastery in the Russian Vologda Oblast . It is one of the most significant examples of Russian art of the Middle Ages . Because of its wall and ceiling paintings , the 1502 Master Dionisij were created, it was in 2000 included in the list of World Heritage of UNESCO .
history
The monastery was founded in 1398 by Saint Ferapont in the north of Russia. It is located 20 km northeast of Kirillov and 120 km northwest of Vologda near the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery , which was founded by Saint Kirill of the White Lake, a companion of Ferapont. Saint Martinian, a disciple of Kirill, increased the influence and power of the monastery. After the death of Martinians the Ferapontow monastery was taken over by members of the Ivan III family . protected and promoted.
The first stone building of the monastery, the Cathedral of the Birth of the Virgin Mary (1490), was built by the builders from Rostov from fired bricks. Of three similar cathedrals erected in northern Russia in the 1490s, this building is the best preserved. The inner walls of the church are covered with a cycle of frescoes of around 600 m² by the important old Russian painter Dionisij. An inscription from the master attests to his authorship:
“On August 6, the day of Jesus' transfiguration in the summer of 1502, the painting of the church began. The work was finished in 2 years on September 8th, the day of the birth of Our Lady. "
In the 1530s the Chamber College, a refectory and the Cathedral of the Annunciation with a bell tower were built. At the time, the monastery enjoyed a number of privileges granted to it by Ivan the Terrible . It owned about 60 villages in the vicinity. The Tsar himself often visited the monastery as a pilgrim.
In the time of turmoil , the Ferapontow monastery was ravaged by the Poles . In the course of the reconstruction of the monastery, the last buildings - the tent-shaped church of Saint Martinian (1641), two gate churches (1650), and a bell tower (1680) - were added to the complex. The clock of the bell tower has the oldest clock mechanism in Russia. While the monastery lost its religious importance over time, it became a place of exile for eminent clerics like Patriarch Nikon . The monastery was closed by the Holy Synod in 1798 , reopened as a nunnery in 1904, but closed again in 1924, this time by the Soviet authorities. In 1975 it was converted into a fresco museum. The museum has been part of the Russian North National Park ( Русский Север ) since 1991 .
Web links
- The frescoes of the Ferapontov Monastery online (Russian)
- Views of the monastery (Russian)
- Film documentation of the EPOS-Group (exterior and interior views)
Heritage: Historic Center of Saint Petersburg (1990) | Churches of Kizhi Pogost on the island of Kizhi in Lake Onega (1990) | Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow (1990) | Architectural monuments of Novgorod and the surrounding area (1990) | Historical and cultural monuments on the Solovetsky Islands on the White Sea (1992) | White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal (1992) | Fortified Monastery of the Holy Trinity and St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad (1993) | Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye (1994) | Kazan Kremlin (2000) | Ferapontow Monastery (2000) | Curonian Spit (2000) | Citadel, old town and fortifications of Derbent (2003) | Novodevichy Monastery (2004) | Yaroslavl Old Town (2005) | Struve Arch (2005) | Historical center and archaeological sites of Bolgar (2014) | Assumption Cathedral of the island city of Svyazhsk (2017) | Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture (2019)
Natural Heritage: Komi Primeval Forests (1995) | Lake Baikal (1996) | Volcanic region of Kamchatka with the Klyuchevskoy Nature Park (1996) | Golden Mountains of the Altai in Southern Siberia (1998) | Western Caucasus (1999) | Central Sichote-Alin Nature Reserve (2001) | Uws Nuur Basin (2003) | Wrangel Island Nature Reserve (2004) | Putorana Mountains (2010) | Lenafelsen Nature Park (2012) | Daurian Landscapes (2017)
Coordinates: 59 ° 57 ′ 23 " N , 38 ° 34 ′ 3" E