Kirillo Belozersky Monastery
The Kirillo Belozersky Monastery is one of the largest Russian monastery fortresses. It was founded in 1397 in today 's Vologda Oblast near the village of Gorizy or the city of Kirillow , and was one of the most important religious centers of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states.
History of the monastery
The monk Kirill is considered to be the founder of the monastery. He stood on the nearby mountain Maura and is said to have received a divine sign where he should build a monastery. The mountain is revered as a sacred place up to our time. From then on, Kirill also called himself Kirill (Kyrill) Beloserski, derived from the name of the lake on which the monastery was to be built (Beloe osero = White Lake). In fact, the monastery is located on Lake Siverskoye.
At first the "Resurrection Monastery" consisted only of a wooden chapel and a log house for the monks. Due to the family ties of the founder to the Russian nobility and the strategically important location, the monastery grew in wealth. As a result, it became one of the most important political and religious centers of the Russian Empire. The monastery had close ties with Greece. The monastery housed numerous writers and clerks. The Starez Nile of Sora also lived here as a monk . Under Ivan the Terrible , who even had his own monk cell in the monastery, the monastery owned the second largest land in Russia. Numerous church fathers such as Simeon Bekbulatowisch, Patriarch Nikon and others emerged from the monks of this monastery during this period .
Foreign troops besieged the monastery several times, but it could not be conquered (e.g. in 1612/1613 by Polish-Lithuanian troops). Up to the end of the 17th century the complex was continuously enlarged, several churches, chapels, a prison, a living area and a defensive wall (Kremlin) were built from bricks.
In 1722, Peter I was one of the pilgrims who visited this monastery. Here he made the acquaintance of the builders, but above all of the icon painters. He finally ordered the best craftsmen to Saint Petersburg so that they could work on the expansion of "his" city.
In 1924 the monastery was converted into a museum and the library holdings were transferred to Moscow and St. Petersburg. The icons were merged with those of other monasteries and made available to the public in an impressive collection in the former refectory .
Since 1998 the monastery has been inhabited again by monks and gradually renovated.
Today the complex includes twelve churches, a chapel, the Kremlin wall with ten towers, a kitchen, the refectory, archimandrite , priestly and monk buildings, two hospitals, a boiler house and a windmill.
Parts of the architectural ensemble of the monastery complex
Churches
- Resurrection Cathedral (Успенский собор) (1497–1498) with the churches "Vladimir" (1554), "St. Kirill "(1780) and" Epiphany "(1645) (церкви Владимира, Кирилла и Епифания)
- Ephraim Church (Церковь Евфимия)
- Garment Church (Церковь Ризоположения), moved from Borodawa village
- Church of St. Sergei (Церковь Сергия Радонежского) (1560–1594)
- Church of John the Baptist (Церковь Иоанна Предтечи) (1531–1534)
- Holy Gate with the Johannes Klimakos Church (Святые ворота с церковью Иоанна Лествичника) (1523/1572)
- Bell tower and Archangel Gabriel Church (Колокольня и церковь Архангела Гавриила) (1531–1534)
- Water gate with the Church of the Transfiguration (Водяные ворота с церковью Преображения) (1595)
- Euthymios Church (1653)
Towers and gates
- Kazan tower with entrance gate (Казанская башня с въездными воротами; 17th century)
- Vologda Tower (Вологодская башня; 17th century)
- Kuznetschni Tower (Кузнечная башня; 17th century)
- Svitochni Tower (Свиточная башня; 16th century)
- Bread Tower (Хлебная башня; 17th century)
- Blind Tower (Глухая башня)
- Cooking tower (Поваренная башня; 18th century)
- Granovitaya Tower (16th century)
- Belozersky Tower (Белозёрская башня; 17th century)
- Merescheni Tower (Малая Мереженная башня; 16th century)
- Kesselhaus Tower (16th century)
- Leaning Tower (Косая башня; 17th century)
- Therapontus Tower (Феропонтовская башня, also Moscow Tower; 17th century)
- Trinity Gate
Other buildings
- Treasury
- Seminarium
- Fortress walls of the "old town" (16th century) and the "new town" (1653–1682)
- Prison area
- Hospital building (late 16th to early 17th century)
- wooden windmill (19th century)
literature
- The Kirillo Belozersky Museum Reserve - Ecclesiastical art of the XV-XIX centuries Centuries ; Ed. Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, undated (2008)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ DS Lichatschew, GK Wagner, G. Wsdornow and RG Skrynnikow (translation into German: Marcus Würmli): Russia / Soul - Culture - History , Bechtermünz Verlag im Weltbild Verlag GmbH, Augsburg, 1997, page 323
Coordinates: 59 ° 51 ′ 26 ″ N , 38 ° 22 ′ 7 ″ E