Nile Sorski
Nil Sorski (also Nilus von Sora, Russian Нил Сорский ; * 1433 in Moscow as Nikolai Maikow , Russian Николай Майков ; † May 7, 1508 ) was a Russian star , theologian and mystic .
Nile was born into a Moscow noble family. He entered the Kirillo Belozersky Monastery . To study the way of life of the local monks, he made a pilgrimage to Mount Athos , where he became a follower of hesychasm . When he returned to the Kirillo Belozersky Monastery, he founded a hermit settlement near the monastery ( known as Skit in Russia ) and devoted himself to praying for Jesus in solitude . He gathered students around him, from which the movement of the so-called "altruistic" (Russian " Нестяжатели " / " Nestjaschateli ") arose, a movement that wanted to return to the monastic- ascetic ideals of the desert fathers and against the way of life of the monks in rich monasteries occurred as it was represented by Joseph von Wolokolamsk (Iossif Wolozki) and his followers, the Iossifljanern. Nil organized the life of his students in skiing. He himself acted as a star and, like his students, lived in simplicity and poverty from selling their handicraft products.
At the beginning of the 16th century there were disputes between the unselfish and the Iossifljanern. A Sobor in 1503 decided in favor of the Iossifljans on this matter. The unselfish were pushed back. Despite the initial failure of his movement, Nile laid the foundation stone for the heyday of the Jesus prayer and starcy in Russia at the end of the 18th and throughout the 19th century.
literature
- Wolfgang Heller: Nil Sorskij, (real name: Nikolaj Majkov). In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 6, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-044-1 , Sp. 940-943.
Web links
- Literature by and about Nil Sorski in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ^ A b D. S. Lichatschew, GK Wagner, G. Wsdornow and RG Skrynnikow (translation into German: Marcus Würmli): Russia / Soul - Culture - History , Bechtermünz Verlag im Weltbild Verlag GmbH, Augsburg, 1997, page 323
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Nile Sorski |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Нил Сорский (Russian); Maikow, Nikolai (secular); Майков, Николай (secular, Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian Orthodox monk, Starez |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1433 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Moscow |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 7, 1508 |