Sergius of Radonezh
Saint Sergius of Radonezh ( Russian Сергий Радонежский / Sergi Radoneschski , scientific transliteration Sergij Radonežskij ; * as Bartholomäus around 1314 in Rostow , Russia ; † September 25, 1392 in Sergijew Posad ) is a very venerated monastery in Russia and founder of the Trinity Monastery Sergiev Posad.
Life
Bartholomew was born on the estate of his father Kyrill, who was in the service of the Rostov princes. The family moved to Radonezh (near Sergiev Posad) after the Principality of Rostov was placed under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1329.
Only after the death of his parents was he able to implement his wish to become a monk. Together with his widowed brother Stephan, he moved as a hermit into the forest north of Radonezh to settle at a waterhole.
Together they built a chapel dedicated to the Trinity . In 1342 Bartholomäus had Abbot Mitrofan shear himself to be a monk and took the monastery name Sergius. While his brother, who was a monk before, soon reintegrated into an existing monastery community, Sergius continued the hermitage. His consistent lifestyle attracted imitators whom he initially tried to drive away. Gradually a hermit colony grew up. Instead of accepting the first choice as abbot, he initially preferred to practice as a humble and hard-working role model. Only after the death of the first abbot did he accept the subsequent election and was ordained a priest. It was in keeping with his modesty to turn down the offer to become a metropolitan .
effect
Sergius blessed the Moscow Grand Duke Dmitri Donskoi in 1380 before his defense campaign against the Tatar-Mongolian Golden Horde . The battle on the Snipe Field , in which the Tatar army was defeated for the first time and also with devastation, marks the beginning of a Russian state liberated from Tatars.
Following the example of the Trinity Monastery, more than thirty other monasteries have been founded. Thus Sergius had a strong influence on the colonization of Northern Russia.
From 1450 reliquary worship and pilgrimages began. Healing miracles on his coffin were regularly reported. His extraordinary way of life was also glorified by miracle stories. The Trinity Monastery is one of the spiritual centers of the Russian Orthodox Church .
There are churches of Sergius of Radonezh in Russia and Germany.
In 1993 the asteroid (4485) Radonezhskij was named after him.
literature
- Martin Tamcke : Sergius of Radonezh. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 9, Bautz, Herzberg 1995, ISBN 3-88309-058-1 , Sp. 1449-1456.
Web links
- Literature by and about Sergius von Radonesch in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sergius of Radonezh |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Saint Sergius of Radonezh; Sergi Radoneschski (Russian transliteration); Sergij Radonežskij (Russian transliteration); Bartholomäus (maiden name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Founder of the Trinity Monastery in Sergiev Posad |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1319 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Rostov |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 25, 1392 |
| Place of death | Sergiev Posad |