Svyashsk
Village
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Sviyazhsk ( Russian Свияжск ; Tatar Зөя Zöyä ) is a village and former city in the Republic of Tatarstan ( Russia ) with 276 inhabitants (14 October 2010).
geography
The place is on an island not far from the right bank of the Volga , which is dammed up there to form the Kuibyshev reservoir , in the area of the confluence of the Swijaga , almost 30 kilometers as the crow flies west of the center of the republic capital Kazan .
Svyashsk belongs to the Zelenodolsk Raion . Its center Zelenodolsk is 12 kilometers as the crow flies in a north-westerly direction from Svyashsk on the far left bank of the Volga. The village is the only locality in the rural municipality of Svyashskoje selskoje posselenije.
history
Svyashsk was founded on May 24, 1551 by order of Ivan IV during the last war against the Kazan Khanate as a base for the decisive attack on its capital Kazan. Within four weeks, a wooden fortress was built there on an elevation in the Volga floodplain, made of parts that had been prefabricated in Uglich and shipped down the Volga.
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After the final victory against the Khanate in 1552 and its annexation into the Russian state, Svyashsk was considered a city and was an important trading center, especially in the second half of the 16th century. As a result, it was unable to maintain this role in relation to the much larger city of Kazan. After the establishment of several monasteries , however, it remained an important religious center in the attempt to Christianize the Tatars by Russian Orthodox . The monasteries had their heyday in the second half of the 18th century. After that, its importance declined, until the beginning of the 20th century only a few dozen monks and nuns remained.
After the founding of the Kazan governorate at the beginning of the 18th century, the town charter for Svyazhsk was confirmed when the governorate in Ujesde was divided in 1775. It became the administrative center of one of the first 13 (later 12) Ujesde, but hardly developed economically. Towards the end of the 19th century the population was only 2365 (1897 census) and continued to decline over the course of the 20th century.
After the October Revolution of 1917 and the establishment of Soviet power , the Svyashsk monasteries were closed relatively early, between 1918 and 1924. With the administrative reorganization after the establishment of the Tatar ASSR in 1920, Svyashsk became the center of a canton in 1921, which was converted into a Rajon in 1927. With the dissolution of the Rajons in 1931 Svyazhsk lost its administrative function and on February 1, 1932 its town charter (according to other sources already in 1926) when it was downgraded to a rural settlement (Selo).
From the 1920s onwards, the buildings of the former monasteries housed a prison, then a re-education camp for homeless young people and from 1953 a psychiatric clinic . A warehouse department in the Gulag system called Swijaschsk was not located in the town of Swijaschsk from 1947 to 1948, but at the railway station of the same name in Nizhnye Wasovye, ten kilometers to the west .
When the Kuibyshev Volga reservoir was flooded from 1957 to 1959, Svyazhsk remained on an island about 1.2 km long and 0.7 km wide. In 1960 the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR declared Svyazhsk a Historical Monument of Republican Importance , which was confirmed and specified in 1969 by the Council of Ministers of the Tatar ASSR. In 1980 the place was promoted to a monument of " All-Union Significance" and in the same year a first museum was opened in one of the churches.
In the 1990s, the psychiatric clinic was closed, the Assumption Monastery was returned to the Kazan Eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church (which was called the Kazan Eparchy and Svyashsk until 1950 ) and reopened in 1997. Since 1998 the place has been on the tentative list for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage . The proposal originally covered an area of 62 hectares. However, only an area of 3.25 hectares with the Assumption Monastery and the Assumption Cathedral were included in the world heritage in 2017. There are plans to convert the entire place into a “museum sapowednik ”.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 2365 |
| 1926 | 2600 |
| 2002 | 252 |
| 2010 | 276 |
Note: census data
Culture and sights
Svyashsk has preserved a large number of buildings from the 16th to early 20th centuries, which make it one of the most important tourist destinations in Tatarstan.
Economy and Infrastructure
The place lives increasingly from tourism. The few inhabitants practice horticulture for their own consumption.
Since an approximately 3.5 km long dam was built in a south-westerly direction from the island to the mainland and was completed in 2008, there has been a road connection to the new route of the M7 Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan - Ufa highway, which runs past to the south, and to the Svyashsk railway station , which is about 10 km to the west in the settlement of Nizhniy Vyazovye on the Moscow - Kazan railway line .
In summer, passenger ships run regularly to Kazan and to the Wassiljewo settlement on the left bank of the Volga opposite Svyazhsk .
St. Sergius Church
Trinity Church
Close to the jetty
A wooden house
View of the Uspensky monastery from the dam
View of Svyazhsk from the opposite bank
Web links
- Svyazhsk on a website of the Kazan State University (Russian)
- Svyashsk Assumption Monastery on the website of the Kazan Eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Svyashsk warehouse department in the GULAG website of Memorial Deutschland e. V.
- ^ Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of the town-island of Sviyazhsk. In: whc.unesco.org. World Heritage Center, accessed August 25, 2017 .
- ↑ Svyashsk becomes an object of federal importance in Tatar-inform , April 27, 2009 (Russian).