Swijaga
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Swijaga Свия́га, Зөя, Zöyä |
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 The Svyaga in Ulyanovsk |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 08010400512112100001977 | |
| location | Ulyanovsk Oblast , Republic of Tatarstan ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Volga | |
| Drain over | Volga → Caspian Sea | |
| source |
Volga plate southeast of Barysch 53 ° 31 ′ 21 ″ N , 47 ° 34 ′ 14 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 260 m | |
| muzzle |
Volga near Svyashsk Coordinates: 55 ° 43 '53 " N , 48 ° 37' 1" E 55 ° 43 '53 " N , 48 ° 37' 1" E |
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| Mouth height | 53 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 207 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.55 ‰ | |
| length | 375 km | |
| Catchment area | 16,700 km² | |
| Outflow location: 26 km above the mouth |
MQ |
34 m³ / s |
| Drain |
MQ |
56.5 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Karla, Bula, Birlja, Kubnja , Arja | |
| Right tributaries | Ulema | |
| Big cities | Ulyanovsk | |
| Medium-sized cities | Buinsk | |
| Small towns | Kusowatowo , Ischejewka , Apastowo | |
| Communities | Svyashsk | |
| Navigable | Lower course | |
 Location of the Swijaga (Свия́га) in the catchment area of the Volga |
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The Swijaga ( Russian Свия́га ; Tatar Зөя / Zöyä ) is a 375 kilometer long right tributary of the Volga in the European part of Russia .
course
The Swijaga rises at a height of about 260 m in the eastern part of the Volga plateau , in a forest area not far from the urban-type settlement Kusowatowo , about 30 kilometers southeast of the small town of Barysch . It initially flows about 100 kilometers in a north-easterly direction until it approaches the Volga within less than two kilometers in the city of Ulyanovsk . Above the high right bank of the Volga, which borders the Volga plateau in the east, the Swijaga flows more than 40 meters above the level of the Volga, the level of which was raised to 53 m by the Kuibyshev Dam . At this point it does not flow into the Volga, but moves away again and flows roughly parallel for a further 170 kilometers as the crow flies, but in the opposite, northerly direction of flow to the Volga through a mostly wide valley. In the village of Svyashsk , named after her , a former and historically significant city, it finally flows into the Volga west of the capital of Tatarstan, Kazan . The upper end of the Kuibyshev reservoir is located on this section, so that the mouth of the Svyaga into the reservoir is now a good ten kilometers south of the natural mouth into the Volga, which was in the immediate vicinity of Svyashsk.
Above the mouth, the Swijaga reaches a width of more than 150 meters and a depth of over four meters. The flow velocity there is 0.2 m / s.
The most important tributaries are Karla, Bula, Birlja, Kubnja (as the longest with 176 kilometers) and Arja from the left and the Ulema from the right.
The etymology of the river name is uncertain. He is either the Turkic words for water (see below) and flow back out, or on American dialects of the 16th century: the name given to wild ducks (see today. Swijas for widgeon or verbs) swit , witsja for (himself) squirm . Also Finno-Ugric influence is not excluded; that's the name of the river on Mari Süje wüd .
Hydrology
The catchment area of the river covers 16,700 km².
The mean annual discharge near the mouth is 56.5 m³ / s, according to older data 26 km above the mouth 34 m³ / s. The river freezes over from November / early December to March / April. About 60% of the annual runoff is caused by the spring floods that last about 30 days during the snowmelt. During the rest of the time, the water level of the Swijaga and various tributaries is regulated by dams.
Use and infrastructure
The Swijaga is only navigable on the last kilometers of the lower reaches.
On the river, which has its source in the Ulyanovsk Oblast and flows into the Republic of Tatarstan , or in its vicinity, the district centers of Kusowatowo, Isheevka , Buinsk and Apastowo lie next to the Oblast Administrative Center . The river is used for water supply and irrigation of agricultural land. In 1957, two small hydropower plants for the local energy supply were put into operation near the villages of Kijat and Deuschewo not far from Buinsk on the Swijaga (output 250 and 310 kilowatts respectively ), but are now out of operation.
The lower reaches of the river is a regional natural monument of Tatarstan since 1978 under conservation .
In the immediate vicinity of the source, the Svyaga is crossed by the Moscow - Ryazan - Rusajewka - Syzran railway , and on the central reaches in Ulyanovsk by the Insa - Tschischmy line that branches off from this . The A151 highways from Ziwilsk to Ulyanovsk and further on as a branch of the M5 to Syzran and R178 from Saransk and on via Dimitrovgrad to Samara also cross the river there.
From Ulyanovsk, the Syzran - Svyashsk railway line ( Nizhnye Vyazovye near Selenodolsk ) and the R241 road to Kazan follow the river some distance downwards. The M7 Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan - Ufa, which has been re-routed to the west of Kazan, crosses the Swijaga near the mouth .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Article Swijaga in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Swijaga in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ a b Slovar ʹ sovremennych geografičeskich nazvanij . U-Faktorija, Yekaterinburg 2006 (Russian; entry Swijaga ).
- ↑ Article on the story ( Memento of the original from March 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of today's regional energy supplier Tatenergo (Russian)
