Ryazan

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city
Ryazan
Рязань
Ryazan
flag coat of arms
flag
coat of arms
Federal district Central Russia
Oblast Ryazan
Urban district Ryazan
Inner structure 4 city rajons
mayor Vitaly Artyomov
Founded 1095
City since 1719
surface 224  km²
population 524,927 inhabitants
(as of Oct. 14, 2010)
Population density 2343 inhabitants / km²
Height of the center 130  m
Time zone UTC + 3
Telephone code (+7) 4912
Post Code 390000-390048
License Plate 62
OKATO 61 401
Website www.admrzn.ru
Geographical location
Coordinates 54 ° 37 '  N , 39 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 37 '0 "  N , 39 ° 43' 0"  E
Ryazan (European Russia)
Red pog.svg
Location in the western part of Russia
Ryazan (Ryazan Oblast)
Red pog.svg
Location in Ryazan Oblast
List of cities in Russia

Ryazan ( Russian Ряза́нь ; pronunciation ? / I ) is a major Russian city ​​and at the same time the capital of the Ryazan Oblast . It is located around 200 km southeast of Moscow on the Oka River . The city has 524,927 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). Audio file / audio sample

City structure

Stadtrajon
(Gorodskoi Rajon )
Russian name Resident
January 1, 2006
comment
Moskovsky Московский 171,793 Name means Moscow Rajon
Oktyabrsky Октябрьский 132.205 Name of Oktjabr ( October , referring to the October Revolution )
Zheleznodorozhny Железнодорожный 136,888 Name of Sheleznaya Doroga ( Railway )
Sowetski Советский 72,375 Name means Soviet Rajon

Source: State Statistical Office of the Russian Federation

history

The story of Ryazan is actually the story of several cities. The capital of the Ryazan principality was originally about 50 kilometers further south-east of the Oka river. The village of Staraya Ryazan (Old Ryazan) is located at this point today. Prince Svyatoslav Igorewitsch had a fortress built here around 965. Only after it was devastated by the Mongols under Batu Khan in 1237, the capital of the principality was relocated to Pereyaslavl in the 14th century. This city had previously emerged on the current location of Ryazan. Both were on the Oka and on important trade routes.

There is no official document for the urban elevation of Ryazan or Pereyaslavl. The name Ryazan appears for the first time in a document from 1096, which deals with the visit of the "High Princes". The document, which served as evidence of the 900th anniversary of today's Ryazan, dates from 1095 (6603 according to the Byzantine era) and relates to the construction of the St. Nicholas Church in Pereyaslavl. Both places, however, had city rights before that.

The area of ​​today's Ryazan has been a trading post called Vyatkow directly on the Oka since the 9th century . In the 10th century a fortress was built in a bend in the river, later referred to as the upper settlement. The medieval city of Pereyaslavl began its development at the end of the 11th century as the domain of Grand Duke Oleg († 1115), while his young brother, Grand Duke Yaroslav I , officially ruled the country. He had another fortress built about one kilometer from the upper settlement, today's Kremlin, and named the emerging city Pereyaslavl, or Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky to distinguish other cities of the same name. As a junction of important trade routes, this took off rapidly. The city on seven rivers was then a transit area for merchants and pilgrims on the way to Central Asia ( Persia , Chusistan ) and the Holy Land .

Alexander Nevsky Church in Ryazan

The oldest church building, the Sankt Nikolai Church, also existed at this time; it is mentioned in a document as early as 1095. This church formed the spiritual and local center in the city of that time. The building is no longer preserved today, as it was destroyed by a fire in 1611.

Around 1110, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky became the "spiritual capital", the bishopric of the Ryazan and Muromer diocese. In the old upper settlement the Bishop's Cathedral, the Boris and Gleb Church, was built. Henceforth this district was also called Borissow-Glebow. As a bishop's and prince's residence, the city consolidated its importance. In Pereyaslavl, however, the grand princes and the Orthodox clergy were in competition with the so-called Slavic Veche , the assembly of the city population, which was only dissolved in the 14th century .

The former splendor of the country on the Middle Oka was described in his essays by the Arab geographer Abu Hamid al-Gharnati , who visited the principality between 1150 and 1153.

A dispute over the old Ryazan city of Kolomna led to great tension with the rulers of Kievan Rus . In 1176 the war between the Ryazan princes and Grand Duke Vsevolod III began. The Ryazan princes were militarily inferior. Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky and the suburbs were occupied and sacked by Vsevolod's troops in 1180. The officials of the Ryazan Grand Dukes and even the bishop were captured and taken to Vladimir and Suzdal . Thus the religious independence of the Principality of Ryazan was declared invalid. War and devastation swept over Ryazan. It was not until 1212 that the grand dukes established the "eternal" peace on the territories between the Oka and Volga .

The Ryazan Grand Duke Igor (not to be confused with the Grand Duke of the Kievan Rus Igor II ) died in 1194 in Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky.

At the beginning of the 13th century, the Ryazan principality began to flourish for a short time. Its capital, Ryazan, had around 15,000 inhabitants at that time, while Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky probably had around 2,000 inhabitants.

In December 1237 the troops of the Golden Horde under Batu Khan appeared in the course of the Mongol invasion of the Rus in the southern Ryazan steppes . After a great siege, the glamorous royal capital Ryazan was almost completely razed to the ground on December 21, 1237. Many thousands of people died in the city overcrowded with refugees from the steppe ...: " And Ryazan wept over his children and could not console himself ... " The Mongol campaigns shattered the culture and the state order of the country. When the last Ryazan princes defeated by the Mongols fled, almost all of the Ryazan cities were burned down.

Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky was not destroyed, but also lost a lot of its importance. After the Mongol campaigns, Pereyaslavl was a looted, exhausted city, and at the end of the 13th century it regained its strength. In 1285 the Archbishop Vasili Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky raised again to the bishop's capital. Ten years later he was buried here in his church with the holy princes Boris and Gleb. From this time at the latest, it can be assumed that Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, Borissow-Glebow and the old trading center Vyatkow merged into one city. The old Ryazan was not rebuilt by the Ryazan princes. The Rurikid Grand Duke Konstantin Romanowitsch (approx. 1265-1305) chose Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky in 1300 as the seat of his dynasty .

Drama Theater in Ryazan

In the 14th and 15th centuries, the city experienced a political and cultural heyday under the Grand Duke Oleg Ivanovich (1340–1402), also known as Oleg Ryazansky. The city was the center of secular and ecclesiastical power. The Kremlin became the largest citadel in all of southern Russia. However, the influence of the nearby Moscow became stronger and stronger and in 1521 the city and the whole principality came under Moscow rule.

In 1778 Catherine II declared the city the capital of the Ryazan governorship and renamed it Ryazan. In 1796 it became the capital of the governorate of the same name . By the end of the 18th century , Ryazan had become a commercial and administrative city.

Industrialization was able to develop on a large scale in the 1940s as the city had not been captured by the German invaders during World War II . In Ryazan there was a POW camp 178 , renamed Camp 454 from the summer of 1946 , for German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Seriously ill people were cared for in the POW Hospital 5963 .

Population development

year Residents
1897 46.122
1939 95.357
1959 214.130
1970 350.151
1979 453.267
1989 514,638
2002 521.560
2010 524,927

Note: census data

Religions

Russian Orthodox male monastery in Ryazan
Russian Orthodox Church in Honor of the Imperial Family

Ryazan is the center of the Russian Orthodox Ryazan eparchy. There are a few dozen Russian Orthodox churches and monasteries on the city's territory. The Old Orthodox also have their own church.

There are also three houses of prayer for the Gospel Christians . The Seventh-day Adventists , Pentecostals, and Jehovah's Witnesses also have their own institutions .

The Catholic Church was expropriated after the revolution and has stood empty ever since. The Ryazan Catholics, however, are committed to reactivating the Church.

Attractions

Kremlin

Ryazan Kremlin and
Trubez River

The city is packed with sights. The core of the city is the Kremlin , whose history goes back to 1095, but also the old citadel around Borissow-Glebow. A striking point is the magnificent Uspensky Cathedral from the years 1693–1699 with an area of ​​1600 square meters and a height of 72 meters. The cathedral's huge iconostasis is 27 meters high. The Palais Olegs, which is also worth seeing, was the residence of the bishop. The bell tower (1789–1840), completed by the two famous architects Konstantin Thon and Andrei Voronichin , rises 89 meters high; with its imperial yellow classical architecture it can be seen from all points of the city.

The city has an important opera house , a philharmonic hall and numerous other churches, monasteries and other architectural attractions.

Town twinning

Ryazan has partnerships with the following cities:

Source: Ryazan - International Relations

There is also a lively cooperation with the following cities:

Economy and Infrastructure

Today Ryazan is an administrative and industrial city. Heavy industry and metal processing are among the most important branches of the economy . Numerous educational institutions are also based here, including the famous Institute of Airborne Forces .

Further educational institutions

traffic

In the 20th century Ryazan was connected to Vladimir via the narrow-gauge railway called Meschchorskaya Mainline .

Ryazan is connected to the Russian capital Moscow by rail and the M5 highway . This is where the R132 ends , which connects the city to Vyazma via Tula and Kaluga .

Sports

The HK Ryazan ice hockey club, founded in 1955, takes part in the operations of the second highest Russian league .

The young women's football team FK Ryazan WDW , which was founded in 1996, played in the 2001/02 UEFA Women's Champions League and reached the quarter-finals. The football club FK Ryazan , founded in 1995, represents the city in the third highest Russian division, 2nd division .

sons and daughters of the town

Climate table

Ryazan
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
33
 
-7
-14
 
 
26th
 
-5
-13
 
 
26th
 
0
-7
 
 
36
 
11
2
 
 
42
 
20th
8th
 
 
65
 
23
12
 
 
83
 
24
14th
 
 
60
 
23
12
 
 
48
 
16
7th
 
 
48
 
9
2
 
 
45
 
1
-4
 
 
41
 
-4
-10
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: Roshydromet
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Ryazan
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −7.0 −5.4 −0.1 10.7 19.5 22.9 24.2 23.0 16.4 8.7 0.8 −4.1 O 9.2
Min. Temperature (° C) −13.7 −12.6 −7.1 2.0 8.3 11.8 13.9 12.3 7.4 1.8 −4.0 −9.9 O 0.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 33 26th 26th 36 42 65 83 60 48 48 45 41 Σ 553
Rainy days ( d ) 9 7th 7th 7th 7th 9 10 8th 8th 9 10 10 Σ 101
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
−7.0
−13.7
−5.4
−12.6
−0.1
−7.1
10.7
2.0
19.5
8.3
22.9
11.8
24.2
13.9
23.0
12.3
16.4
7.4
8.7
1.8
0.8
−4.0
−4.1
−9.9
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
33
26th
26th
36
42
65
83
60
48
48
45
41
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Roshydromet

Web links

Commons : Ryazan  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Ryazan  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
  2. Главная :: Федеральная служба государственной статистики . Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  3. Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
  4. Международные связи - Администрация города Рязани . Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  5. Мосоловы , 62info.ru (Russian)
  6. Мосолов Александр Александрович , grwar.ru (Russian)
  7. Зарецкий Павел Филиппович , warheroes.ru (Russian)
  8. Асеев Борис Павлович , hrono.ru (Russian)
  9. Га́рин, Эраст Павлович , bigenc.ru (Russian)
  10. Бирюков Серафим Кириллович , warheroes.ru (Russian)
  11. Viktor Baykov in the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )
  12. Aleksandr Markov in the Sports-Reference database (English; archived from the original )
  13. Aleksandr Markov , olympedia.org
  14. Артем Кононюк: Когда берешь золотую медаль, понимаешь, что все сделал правильно! , tula.kp.ru , April 5, 2016 (Russian)
  15. E. Kobozev , int.soccerway.com
  16. Гусев Олег Владимирович , infosport.ru (Russian)
  17. Gusev Oleg , canoeresults.eu