Kolomna

This article covers the city; for the ship of the same name, see Kolomna (ship type) , for the asteroid see (269251) Kolomna .

city Kolomna Коломна flag coat of arms Federal district Central Russia Oblast Moscow Urban district Kolomna mayor Valery Shuvalov First mention 1177 City since 1177 surface 65.1  km² population 144,589 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 2221 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 125  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 4966 Post Code 140400-140415 License Plate 50, 90, 150, 190, 750 OKATO 46 438 Website www.kolomnagrad.ru Geographical location Coordinates 55 ° 5 '  N , 38 ° 47'  E Coordinates: 55 ° 5 '0 "  N , 38 ° 47' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Moscow Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Kolomna ( Russian Коло́мна ) is a city in Russia . It is located about 110 km southeast of Moscow , in the south of Moscow Oblast , and has 144,589 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). It is one of the oldest cities in the Moscow region.

history

Wall of the Kolomna Kremlin : The total length of the walls was two kilometers with a thickness of 3 to 5 meters and a height of 18 to 24 meters. The number of towers reached 17, but only 7 of them have survived to this day.

Located at the confluence of the Moskva and Oka rivers , Kolomna has been known as the border post of the Ryazan principality since 1177 . Kolomna is located on important trade routes and so the city became the object of a bitter struggle, first between the princes of Vladimir and then the Moscow princes. In 1301 it became part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow . Between the 13th and 16th centuries, the city was repeatedly attacked by Tatars and repeatedly devastated. Therefore, Kolomna regularly served as a rallying point for Russian troops for campaigns against the Tatars. Prince Dmitri Donskoi visited the war troops here in 1380 on the way to the battle on the Kulikowo Pole . In 1385 Kolomna was unexpectedly conquered by the Ryazan prince Oleg, but after a few years it came under the rule of Moscow again. While standing on the Ugra , the city was the base of the army of the Grand Duchy of Moscow under Ivan III. Between 1525 and 1531, a massive stone Kremlin was built in Kolomna , the second largest fortification after the Moscow Kremlin . The strategic importance of the city increased as a result of the new fortress, which became part of the Verhauline line built by the Moscow state . During the time of turmoil , at the beginning of the 17th century, Kolomna was occupied by Polish troops.

The Marinkina tower on the Kremlin wall

Later, the importance of Kolomna was due to its location on an important transport route, especially in its role as a trading city. In 1775 the Russian Tsarina Catherine II stayed in Kolomna. Some time later, in 1778, the architect Matwei Kazakov was sent to Kolomna to develop a general plan for the redesign of the city. In 1784 this plan was adopted.

In 1862 Kolomna received a railway connection to Moscow in the course of the construction of the Moscow – Ryazan line , which gave the city the impetus for industrial development. In 1863 a locomotive plant and an engineering factory were established, and in the same year Kolomna received a public hospital. In 1864 a railway bridge was opened over the Oka , making it possible to extend the railway line to Ryazan. The strike wave during the Russian Revolution of 1905 was also supported by the Kolomna workers.

An asteroid discovered by the Andrushivka Observatory on August 26, 2008 was named Kolomna in honor of the city (269251) .

Population development

year	Residents
1897	20,277
1926	35,000
1939	75.112
1959	99,693
1970	135.934
1979	147.295
1989	161,881
2002	150.129
2010	144,589

Note: census data (1926 rounded)

Transport, Education and Culture

Trams in Kolomna

Today Kolomna is one of the most important industrial and scientific locations in Moscow Oblast . The main plant in the city is the Kolomna locomotive factory . There are also several mechanical engineering companies, building material plants and the food industry. There are several higher education institutions in Kolomna. B. Kolomna Pedagogical Institute, a spiritual seminary and a branch of the Military Artillery University.

The city has a railway connection and an inland port. There is also a separate tram network for local public transport. Kolomna is connected to the Russian capital Moscow via the M5 trunk road .

In 2007 the modern Kometa speed skating hall was opened, in which the European speed skating all-around championships took place in January 2008 and the individual distance world championships in 2016.

Attractions

The historical city center of Kolomna

The brick walls and towers of the Kolomna Kremlin, built in the 16th century, include the Uspenskaya Church (built 1672–1682), the bell tower (1825) and the bishop's house built by Matwei Kazakov in the 18th century . In the urban area there is also the Bogoyawlenskaya Church from the end of the 17th century, the Voznesenskaya Church (built in 1799 by Matwei Kazakow) and two monasteries from the 14th and 17th centuries.

Among the secular buildings, two baroque style merchants' houses and the row of shops (Russian: torgowy rjad ) from the early 19th century are noteworthy.

There is a literature and local history museum in Kolomna.

sons and daughters of the town

• Michail († 1379), provisional metropolitan of Moscow
• Philaret Drosdow (1783–1867), Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church
• Ivan Laschechnikow (1792–1869), writer
• Wiktor Golzew (1850–1906), journalist, publicist, literary critic
• Alexander Sweschnikow (1890–1980), conductor and choir director
• Johannes Rasumow (1898–1990), Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church
• Iwan Spirin (1898–1960), pilot and university professor
• Nina Watolina (1915–2002), poster artist
• Viktor Chistochvalov (1921–1973), football player
• Viktor Makejew (1924–1985), rocket designer
• Vladimir Ilyin (1928–2009), football player
• Galina Balaschowa (* 1931), architect
• Yuri Pantjuchow (1931–1981), ice hockey player
• Anatoli Larkin (1932-2005), physicist
• Michail Mustygin (born 1937), football player
• Valery Muratov (* 1946), speed skater
• Gennadi Gudkow (* 1956), politician
• Tatjana Orlowa (* 1956), actress
• Mikhail Tyurin (* 1960), cosmonaut
• Edward Frenkel (* 1968), mathematician
• Julian (* 1973), pop singer
• Dmitri Dorofejew (* 1976), speed skater
• Ivan Podschiwalow (* 1982), rower
• Alexander Sokolow (* 1982), volleyball player
• Ekaterina Lobysheva (* 1985), speed skater
• Alexei Jessin (* 1987), speed skater
• Svetlana Popowa (* 1988), beach volleyball player
• Vitalik Buterin (* 1994), Canadian-Russian software developer and author

literature

• MW Fechner, Коломна , Moscow 1963
• EP Golubewa, Путеводитель по Коломне , Moscow 1970
• GP Yefremzew, DD Kuznetsov, Коломна , Moscow, “Московский рабочий”, 1977

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ (269251) Kolomna in the Small-Body Database of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (English).
3. ↑ Ильин Владимир Васильевич , footballfacts.ru

Web links

Commons : Kolomna  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Kolomna city website (Russian)
• Kolomna on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Timeline of the history of Kolomna (Russian)
• Information portal about the city of Kolomna (Russian)