Saraisk
| city
Saraysk
Zaraysk
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| List of cities in Russia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_(1779).png)
.svg)
Saraisk ( Russian Зара́йск ) is a city with 24,645 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) in Russia in the Moscow Oblast . It is located 162 kilometers southeast of Moscow on the Ossjotr , a tributary of the Oka .
history
Archaeological finds dating back to 2008, including bone tools and Venus figurines of ivory , suggest that the site of the present Zaraysk already in the Paleolithic was populated.
Sarayisk was founded in the 12th century as a village called Krasnoye , making it one of the oldest cities in Moscow Oblast. The current name of the city is said to come from Saras , which in Old Russian usage meant a high river bank, as the city lies on a natural elevation on the banks of the Ossjotr. In 1237 the village was devastated by the troops of Batu Khan . Rebuilt in the 14th century under the name Novogorodok , the place received a Kremlin in the early 16th century, a fortress surrounded by walls with towers, which is typical for old Russian cities. This made it an important defense post for the Grand Duchy of Moscow against the Tatars advancing from the south . At that time the name Saraisk came about . By the end of the century, it had been raided by the Tatars six times. At the beginning of the 17th century, the troops of Pseudodimitri II occupied Saraisk and kept it under control until it was liberated in July 1609.
From the end of the 17th century, Saraysk lost its importance as a fortress. However, due to its proximity to a trade route leading from Moscow to Astrakhan , trade revived there. In the 18th century, Saraysk grew around numerous buildings made of wood and brick. In 1778 Saraysk received the status of a city and from 1796 belonged to the Ryazan governorate . Even in the 19th century, the city lived mainly from trading in agricultural products. However, it lost its former importance when a new trade route was laid in 1847 and a railway line in 1864, both of which ran far from Sarayisk. Instead of trade, however, the shoe and textile industries developed in the city towards the end of the 19th century. In 1870 a branch of the Moscow – Ryazan railway line, which had been built six years earlier, was moved to Sarayisk (it was shut down in the 20th century).
Sarayisk has belonged to Moscow Oblast since 1929.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 8,054 |
| 1926 | 11,800 |
| 1939 | 17,156 |
| 1959 | 20,789 |
| 1970 | 23,703 |
| 1979 | 26,659 |
| 1989 | 26,958 |
| 2002 | 25.093 |
| 2010 | 24,645 |
Note: census data (1926 rounded)
Selected sights
- Sarayisk Kremlin (built 1528–1531)
- Trinity Church (1776–1788)
- Annunciation Church with bell tower (1777–1795)
- Prophet Elijah Church (1819) with bell tower (1835)
- Water Tower (1914)
- Dmitri Poscharsky Monument
Economy and Infrastructure
Today's industry in the city consists of a textile and shoe factory, farms and a factory for building materials, to which an electrified narrow-gauge railway line built in the 1960s leads. Saraysk does not have its own railway connection; the nearest train station on the Moscow – Ryazan line is in Luchowizy . However, there are regular bus connections from Sarayisk to Moscow, Ryazan, Kolomna and other neighboring cities.
sons and daughters of the town
- Anna Golubkina (1864–1927), sculptor
- Nikolai Meshcheryakov (1865–1942), revolutionary and publicist
- Viktor Winogradow (1895–1969), literary historian, philologist
- Nikolai Organov (1901–1982) Soviet politician
- Valentina Sperantowa (1904–1978), theater and film actress
- Boris Ponomarjow (1905–1995), politician
- Viktor Leonov (1916–2003), Soviet naval officer
- Nikolai Vnukov (1925-2011), writer
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Art made of mammoth ivory: < http://www.zeit.de/online/2008/49/elfenbeinfiguren-entdeck >
Web links
- Unofficial city portal (Russian)
- Saraisk photo gallery ( Memento from December 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Saraisk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
