Sarayisk Kremlin
The Sarayisk Kremlin ( Russian Зарайский кремль ) is a city fortification in the European part of Russia from the early 16th century . It forms the historical center of the city of Sarayisk in the south of Moscow Oblast .
description
The Sarayisk Kremlin has certain similarities, both geographically and architecturally, to a number of comparable Old Russian citadels, including the Moscow Kremlin , which was built a few decades earlier . With an area of a good 2.4 hectares, however, it is smaller than any other Kremlin that has survived to this day . It stands on a high bank of the Oka tributary Ossjotr and was built between 1528 and 1531. At that time, Sarayisk served exclusively as one of the southern fortress outposts of the Moscow Principality, especially to protect against the frequent attacks of the Crimean Tatars . The line of defense running roughly parallel to the Oka and a little south of it, which was additionally strengthened by several fortifications such as the Sarayisk Kremlin, and the Kremlin of Kolomna , Ryazan and Tula , is known as the Verhaine Line of the Moscow State .
As is the case with most of the Old Russian fortresses outside Moscow, the names of the architects of the Sarayisk Kremlin have not been passed down. The citadel was built in compliance with the old Russian fortress-building traditions: the relatively small Sarayisk Kremlin was given a nine-meter-high and up to three-meter-thick brick wall, into which watchtowers - here a total of eight towers, including four twelve-sided corner towers - were built. Three of the eight watchtowers have through gates to the Kremlin, and all the towers were provided with loopholes through which artillery guns could not only be directed outwards but also inwards.
Inside the Sarayisk Kremlin, two historic church buildings have survived to this day, although neither date from the time the fortress was built. The five onion domes completed Nicholas Cathedral (russ. Никольский собор ) was built on the site of a wooden church in 1681. Not far from there is the Church of St. John the Baptist, consecrated in 1821 ( Церковь Иоанна Предтечи ), which is architecturally completely different - while the St. Nicholas Cathedral was kept in the traditional Russian church style, the single-dome church of St. John the Baptist is more classical .
See also
literature
- Галина Вацлавна Длужневская, Владимир Александрович Калинин, Андрей Викторович Сужневская, Кремсандрович Калинин, Андрей Викторович Сукторович Субибовин : XV - XVII. Литера, Санкт-Петербург 2006, ISBN 5-94455-523-8 , pp. 182-183
Web links
- Detailed article (Russian)
- Allcastles.ru: Sarayisk Kremlin (Russian)
Coordinates: 54 ° 45 '23.5 " N , 38 ° 52' 9.4" E