Konstantin Andrejewitsch Thon

Konstantin Thon in the 1820s, portrait by Karl Pawlowitsch Brjullow

Konstantin Thon , even tone ( Russian Константин Андреевич Тон , scientific. Transliteration Konstantin Andreevič tone ; born October 26 ^{. Jul} / 6. November  1794 ^greg. In Saint Petersburg , † January 25 ^jul. / 6. February  1881 ^greg. Ibid ) was a Russian architect of German origin. He was the tsar's architect during the reign of Nicholas I.

Life

He grew up as the son of a German jeweler in Saint Petersburg and attended the Petri School . At the age of nine he entered the St. Petersburg Art Academy , where he studied until 1815, among others with the architect Andrei Voronichin . For some of his projects he was awarded medals during his training. From 1819 to 1828 he stayed in Rome to study art. He stayed here and in Florence for almost ten years.

After his return to Russia in December 1828, he was appointed a member of the Art Academy in 1830 and, three years later, a professor at the Petersburg Art Academy. In 1854 he was appointed rector of the academy's architecture department.

He received his first attention as an architect with the design of the interior of the St. Petersburg Art Academy building on the banks of the Neva . In 1827 he submitted his project to the Tsar for the Church of Saint Catherine on Obvodnij Canal ; it was to be the first building in the style of the Russian Renaissance . Thon's building became a prestige project for other churches in Saint Petersburg and throughout Russia. In 1830 he finished his most ambitious project of his time, that of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow . Dozens of other churches and cathedrals were built in various Russian cities, such as Suomenlinna (today Finland), Jelez , Arsamas , Tomsk , Rostov-on-Don and Krasnoyarsk in the neo - Byzantine architectural style that he influenced . Thon rebuilt the magnificent Ipatios Monastery in Kostroma , built a church here and rebuilt the Romanov Palace.

From 1838 to 1851 Thon was busy with the construction of the Great Kremlin Palace and the Armory in Moscow. The Grand Kremlin Palace with its 700 rooms and salons was intended to reflect the size and grandeur of the Russian Empire . He was also responsible for the building of the Maly Theater in Moscow.

Thon's last major commissions were the station buildings in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, which were built between 1849 and 1851. Here he used elements of the Neo-Renaissance , Venetian facades and medieval bell towers.

After his health had deteriorated radically in the last years of his life, Konstantin Thon died in Saint Petersburg in 1881. He was buried there in the Volkovo Cemetery.

Works

Monumental Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow

1885 Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ, Rostov-on-Don

• 1789–1840 Completion of the bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral (Кафедральный собор Успения Пресвятой Богородицы) in the Ryazan Kremlin in collaboration with Andrej Voronichin and IO Russko
• 1837–1851 Great Kremlin Palace , Moscow
• 1840–1845 Church of Christ's Transfiguration on the Apothecary Island (Церковь во имя Преображения Господня на Аптекарском острове) in Saint Petersburg, profaned and heavily changed in the 1930s
• 1841–1842 Shevchenko National Theater (национальный драматический театр имени Т.Г.Шевченко) in Kharkov , 1893 redesigned
• 1843–1851 Leningrad Railway Station , Moscow
• 1843–1851 Moscow Railway Station , Saint Petersburg (identical to the Leningrad Railway Station in Moscow)
• 1843–1853 Winter Church of Christ's Appearance (Богоявленский зимний собор) of the monastery of Christ's Appearance in Uglich
• 1844–1851 Armory (Оружейная палата) in the Moscow Kremlin
• 1845-1848 Governor's Palace (Губернаторский дворец) in the Kremlin of Kazan in cooperation with Mikhail Korinfski and Alexander Peske
• 1845–1889 Church of the Ascension of Christ (Вознесенский собор) in Jelez
• 1845–1852 Church of the Nativity of Christ (Церковь Рождества Христова) in Arsamas
• 1845–1853 Main church for the icon of the Blessed Mother of Vladimir (Собор Владимирской иконы Божией Матери) of the Monastery of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary (Рождество-Богородицкий Богородицкий Богородицкий монасткons
• 1849–1854 fortress church of St. Alexander Newski (Крепостной собор Св. Александра Невского) in Sweaborg (today Suomenlinna in Finland ), completely changed in 1929
• 1849–1873 Church of the Icon of Our Lady of Bogoljubowo (Собор Боголюбской Богоматери) in Kozlov (today Michurinsk )
• 1860–1883 Cathedral of Christ the Savior , Moscow
• 1866–1877 Church of the Ascension of Christ on the Ilinka (Церковь Вознесения Господня на Ильинке) in Nizhny Novgorod
• 1875 Church of St. Nicholas in Verkhneuralsk
• 1885 Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ, Rostov-on-Don
• Reconstruction of the Ipatios monastery (southern cell wing, construction of a church, expansion of the Romanov Palace), Kostroma
• Maly Theater , Moscow
• Redesign of the St. Petersburg Academy of Art and installation of the famous Sphinxes , St. Petersburg
• Church of St. Joachim and Anna, Dolgoje (Solotouchino district, Kursk Oblast)

Destroyed structures

Cathedral of St. Catherine (Pushkin, 2010)

• Church of St. Archmartyr Catherine (Церковь во имя Святой Великомученицы Екатерины) in Katharinenhof near Saint Petersburg, built 1831–1837, demolished in 1929
• Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (Церковь во имя Святых Апостолов Петра и Павла) in Peterhof near Saint Petersburg, built 1835–1839, demolished in 1930
• Church of St. Catherine (Собор во имя Святой Екатерины) in Tsarskoye Selo (today Pushkin ), built 1835–1840, destroyed in 1939, rebuilt between 2006 and 2010. The cathedral was founded in July 2010 during the 300th anniversary of Pushkin by the Patriarch of Moscow I. Cyril ordained.
• Regimental Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary Temple of the Semyonovsky Regiment of the Life Guard (Собор во имя Введения во храм Пресвятой Богородицы лейб-гвардицы, built in 1933, St. Petersburg, 18–1937
• Church of St. Mitrofan of Voronezh on the Mitrofan cemetery (Церковь во имя Святителя Митрофания Воронежского на Митрофаниевском, built in St. Petersburg in 1939, 18–47, demolished in St.
• Monument to Gawriil Derschawin (памятник Державину) in Kazan, erected 1843–1846, destroyed in 1932 except for small remains and rebuilt in 2003
• Regimental Church of the Annunciation of the Cavalry Regiment of the Life Guard (Церковь Благовещения Пресвятой Богородицы лейб-гвардии Конного полка) in Saint Petersburg, built in 1844–1849, destroyed in 1929
• Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary (Богородице-Рождественский кафедральный собор) in Krasnoyarsk , built 1845–1861, demolished in 1936.
• Trinity Cathedral (Троицкий кафедральный собор) in Tomsk , built 1845–1900, destroyed in 1934
• Christ the Savior Church (Спасский собор) in Pyatigorsk , built 1846–1869, demolished in 1936
• Regimental Church of St. Martyr Miron of the Life Guards Hunters Regiment (Церковь во имя Святого мученика Мирония лейб-гвардии Егерского полка, built in 1934, demolished in St. Petersburg 1849-1855

Drafts not executed

• 1831 redesign of the Church of St. John Klimakos ( Polish: Cerkiew św. Jana Klimaka) in Warsaw
• 1834 New construction project for the Pulkovo Observatory (Пулковская обсерватория) near Saint Petersburg

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Прогулка по кремлю - Колокольня Успенского собора, in: Рязанский историко-архитектурный мунского-Рязаный музей-2005
2. ↑ Церковь во имя Преображения Господня, in: Разумов, Александр: Петербург и окрестности, o. O. 2005
3. ↑ Театр им. Шевченко, in: Наш Харьков, o. O., o. J ( Memento from May 20, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
4. ↑ Государственный историко-культурный музей-заповедник "Московский Кремль", in: Музеи России, 2007
5. ↑ Забиров, Р. М. / Ситдиков, А. Г. / Халитов Н. Х. among others: Центр государственной власти, in: Казанский кремль. Официальный сайт Музея-Заповедника "Казанский Кремль", Казань 2006 ( Memento from April 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ Горлов, В (иктор) П (етрович): Вознесенский собор, Елец 2000 ( Memento from May 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
7. ↑ Бакунин, Владимир: Арзамас. Церковь Рождества Христова, 2007 ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
8. ↑ Никон, епископ Задонский: История задонской обители, Воронеж 1999, pp. 7-10. (PDF; 579 kB)
9. ↑ Антонов, В. В. / Кобак, А. В. (Ed.): Русские храмы и обители в Европе, Лики России: Санкт-Петербург 2005, ISBN 5-87417-208-4 , pp. 362-364.
10. ↑ Судариков, Виктор: Нижний Новгород. Церковь Вознесения Господня на Ильинке, 2005  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ↑ Церковь во имя Святой Великомученицы Екатерины в Екатерингофе, in: Разумов, Алексангидр: Петербортицы 2005.,
12. ↑ Церковь во имя Святых Апостолов Петра и Павла, in: Разумов, Александр: Петербург и окрестности 2005,
13. ↑ Собор во имя Святой Екатерины в Царском Селе, in: Разумов, Александр: Петербург и окрестности 2005., O
14. ↑ Information on patriarchia.ru (Russian)
15. ↑ O. Петербург и окрестности, o 2005: Собор во имя Введения во храм Пресвятой Богородицы (Введенский собор) лейб-гвардии Семеновского полка, in: Разумов, Александр.
16. ↑ Церковь во имя Святителя Митрофания Воронежского, церковь во имя Всемилостивейшего Спаса и иконы Божией Матери "Неопалимая Купина" и церковь во имя Сошествия Святого Духа и Семи Отроков Эфесских ( "Кекинская") на Митрофаниевском кладбище, in: Разумов, Александр: Петербург и окрестности , o. O. 2005
17. ↑ Агеева, Любовь: Был в Казани памятник… Есть в Казани памятник, in: Лента тысячлетия Казани, Казани, 2005
18. ↑ Церковь во имя Благовещения Пресвятой Богородицы, in: Разумов, Александр: Петербург и окрестн .ост 2005., Oстн
19. ↑ Краеведческий календарь Красноярск 2000 - Богородице-Рождественский собор
20. ↑ Веснина, Т. Л .: 100-летие выхода в свет книги «История Троицкого Кафедрального собора в г. Томске »К. Н. Евтропова, in: Томский вестник, January 19, 2005 ( memento from April 17, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
21. ↑ Боглачёв, Сергей Васильевич: Утраченная архитектура Пятигорска - Спасский собор ( Memento of the original on 13 October 2007 at the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link is automatically inserted and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
22. ↑ Церковь во имя Святого мученика Мирония лейб-гвардии Егерского полка, in: Разумов, Разумов, Александр:
23. ↑ Антонов, В. В. / Кобак, А. В. (Ed.): Русские храмы и обители в Европе, Лики России: Санкт-Петербург 2005, ISBN 5-87417-208-4 , p. 168.
24. ↑ Абалакин, В. К .: Главной (Пулковской) астрономической обсерватории Академии Наук СССР - полтора века. К истории основания, in: Главная астрономическая обсерватория. Основные направления деятельности Главной (Пулковской) Астрономической Обсерваториии РАН, Сангер 2007 [1] РАН, Санкт-2007

Web links

Commons : Konstantin Andrejewitsch Thon  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Biography (russian)