Vladimir (Russia)

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city
Vladimir
Владимир
Владимир, вид на Успенский собор.JPG
flag coat of arms
flag
coat of arms
Federal district Central Russia
Oblast Vladimir
Urban district Vladimir
Inner structure 3 city rajons
Mayoress Olga Dejewa
First mention 990
City since 1108
surface 308  km²
population 345,373 inhabitants
(as of Oct. 14, 2010)
Population density 1121 inhabitants / km²
Height of the center 150  m
Time zone UTC + 3
Telephone code (+7) 4922
Post Code 600000-600038
License Plate 33
OKATO 17 401
Website www.vladimir-city.ru
Geographical location
Coordinates 56 ° 8 ′  N , 40 ° 25 ′  E Coordinates: 56 ° 8 ′ 0 ″  N , 40 ° 25 ′ 0 ″  E
Vladimir (Russia) (European Russia)
Red pog.svg
Location in the western part of Russia
Vladimir (Russia) (Vladimir Oblast)
Red pog.svg
Location in Vladimir Oblast
List of cities in Russia

Vladimir (also Vladimir , Russian Влади́мир ) is a city in Russia and the capital of Vladimir Oblast . It is located some 190 kilometers east of Moscow on the River Klyazma and has 345,373 inhabitants (October 14, 2010). As the capital of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal , the city played an important role in Russian history as an important center of culture and power before the Mongol invasion of the Rus and as the temporary seat of the Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church . The Moscow grand dukes and tsars held Vladimir in front of Moscow in their titles for several centuries.

history

Sungir is an archaeological site on the outskirts of Vladimir, which became famous for three particularly richly decorated tombs from the Upper Paleolithic. Among the remains of a total of eight Cro-Magnon people, three graves with grave goods that are unique for this period emerge.

Dormition Cathedral (Uspensky Cathedral), built 1158–1185

The Hypatius Chronicle already mentions the year 990 as the year of the founding of Vladimir by the Kiev prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich . However, the official founding year is the year 1108, in which the Prince of Chernigov Vladimir Monomakh fortified the city. Monomach's grandson Andrei Bogoljubski moved the seat of the Grand Duke from Suzdal to Vladimir around 50 years later .

During the following years up to the conquest and devastation by the Tatars on February 7th, 1238, the city experienced its heyday. In 1238 the Principality of Vladimir was conquered by the troops of the Golden Horde under the leadership of Batu Khan , after the latter took over the Russian forces under Yuri II Vsevolodovich , the Grand Duke of the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal and uncle of Alexander Nevsky , on the Sit , a tributary of the Mologa , defeated in the Battle of Sit . Urban development was permanently interrupted and many handicraft traditions were lost. Nevertheless, during the reign of Alexander Nevsky (1252–1263), Vladimir retained his political supremacy among the cities of the Rus. 1299–1317 was the seat of the Metropolitan in Vladimir . The importance of Vladimir finally declined when, in 1328, the Grand Duke of Vladimir Ivan Kalita made Moscow the new capital of Russia and thus of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir. It was only in the 18th century that the city experienced an upswing after becoming provincial capital in 1719. In 1861 Vladimir received a railway connection on the newly opened line from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod . Vladimir was the capital of the Vladimir Governorate from 1796 to 1929 . Between 1929 and 1944 it belonged to Ivanovo Oblast (referred to as the Ivanovo Industrial Oblast until 1936 ). In 1944 the Vladimir Oblast was formed.

The Vladimirovka , the prison was in, since the time of Catherine II. In operation. After the Stalinist era , it served as a prison for dissidents.

Population development

year Residents
1897 28,479
1939 66,797
1959 153,865
1970 234.087
1979 296,371
1989 349,702
2002 315,954
2010 345,373

Note: census data

City structure

Stadtrajon
(Gorodskoi Rajon )
Russian name Residents
(as of October 14, 2010)
Remarks
Frunsenski Рунзенский 115.316 Named after Mikhail Frunze .
Leninsky Ленинский 122,067 Named after Lenin . The previously subordinate but independent urban-type settlements of Energetik (Энергетик) and Jurjewez (врьевец) were incorporated in 2005 and, together with other smaller, incorporated rural settlements and villages, made a decisive contribution to the renewed growth of the total population of Vladimir between the 2002 and 2010 censuses.
Oktyabrsky Октябрьский 107,990 "October Rajon", named after the October Revolution . Parts of the Frunsensky and Leninsky Rajons were attached to the Oktyabrsky Rajon on February 1, 2007 in order to achieve a more even distribution of the population between the three urban rajons.

Sights, culture

Monument in honor of the 850th anniversary of the city of Vladimir, Russia.
Church of St. Demetrius, 1191
Golden Gate in Vladimir, 1164

Unlike most of the other major cities in western Russia, Vladimir is not dominated by industry; the most important branch of the economy is tourism. The most important sights include the Assumption Cathedral from 1157 to 1160, the Golden Gate , an old city gate, the Demetrius Church from 1194 to 1197 as the last testimony to the princely residence, the Princesses Monastery, also with the remains of a castle. Not far from the city are the Bogoljubowo Monastery and the famous Church of the Protection and Intercession of the Virgin Mary on the Nerl from 1165, which Andrei Bogoljubski had built in just one summer in memory of his son Isjaslav. There are also a number of other churches, monasteries and secular buildings.

Two works by Andrei Rublev are of particular art historical importance : a fresco depicting the Last Judgment and his icon Vladimirskaya . The representation of the Last Judgment can be found in the back of the Assumption Cathedral. In contrast to most of the other depictions of the Last Judgment, there are no saved and damned people, only saved ones - undoubtedly an expression of Rublev's theological convictions. The fresco is in need of renovation. Rublev's icon of Our Lady of Vladimir can be found in the museum next to the cathedral. It is an adapted copy of the famous Mother of God of Vladimir , brought from Kiev to Vladimir and from Vladimir to Moscow .

The Dormition Cathedral , the Golden Gate and Demetrius Church belong since 1992 to UNESCO - World Heritage " White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal ."

Economy and Transport

In Vladimir, local public transport is handled by buses. There are also several trolleybus routes in the city. A bus ride costs 14 rubles. There is a regular bus connection with Moscow, but the journey time is often well over four hours. A bus ticket from Vladimir to Moscow costs 280 rubles.

There is also a direct train connection to Moscow (travel time approx. 2.5 hours) to the Kursk train station . Long-distance trains from Eastern Russia also stop in Vladimir and end in Moscow at the Yaroslavl station . The ICE (Velaro Rus, Sapsan ) modified for Russia runs twice a day from Vladimir to Moscow. A train ticket costs 350-550 rubles, depending on the class. In the 20th century Vladimir was on the Meschtschorskaja Mainline called narrow-gauge railway with Ryazan connected.

Vladimir is located on the M7 trunk road , which is part of European route 22 and forms an important east-west link within Russia. The locals call the bypass Pekinka ( German:  Peking ), as it was once supposed to be part of a trunk road from Moscow to Beijing . As a consequence of the worsening crisis in Sino-Soviet relations , this plan was rejected.

Vladimirsky Traktorny Zavod , a tractor and engine manufacturer, was founded in the city in 1943 . Today the plant belongs to the Traktornye Sawody concern .

Town twinning

Vladimir has partnerships with the following cities:

city country
Anghiari ItalyItaly Italy
Antalya TurkeyTurkey Turkey
Baoji China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China
Bari ItalyItaly Italy
Babruysk BelarusBelarus Belarus
Bethlehem Palastina autonomous areasPalestine Palestine
Bloomington normal United StatesUnited States Illinois, United States
Campobasso ItalyItaly Italy
Canterbury United KingdomUnited Kingdom England, UK
District Yuzhong , Chongqing , since 2004 China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China
Khujand TajikistanTajikistan Tajikistan
Erlangen , since 1983 GermanyGermany Germany
Gagra AbkhaziaAbkhazia Abkhazia
Haikou China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China
Jena , since 2008 GermanyGermany Germany
Jelenia Gora PolandPoland Poland
Jiangyin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China
Kardzhali BulgariaBulgaria Bulgaria
Kerava FinlandFinland Finland
Larnaka Cyprus RepublicRepublic of Cyprus Cyprus
Marion United StatesUnited States Indiana, United States
Saintes FranceFrance France
Sarasota United StatesUnited States Florida, United States
Skive DenmarkDenmark Denmark
Trent ItalyItaly Italy
Ústí nad Labem Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Waukawysk BelarusBelarus Belarus

Further educational institutions

Old building of the pedagogical college
  • Vladimir State University
  • Vladimir State Pedagogical University
  • Vladimir Business Institute
  • Faculty of the All-Russian Distance Institute of Finance and Economics
  • Branch of the Metropolitan Academy of Finance and Humanities
  • Branch of the Russian Academy of Civil Service
  • Institute of Finance and Management Vladimir
  • Vladimir Legal Institute of the Ministry of Interior of Russia

Sports

The football club FK Torpedo Wladimir , founded in 1959, represents the city in the third highest Russian division, 2nd division .

POW camp

In Wladimir there was a POW camp 190 for German prisoners of war of the Second World War .

sons and daughters of the town

Climate table

Vladimir
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
37
 
-8th
-14
 
 
32
 
-5
-12
 
 
32
 
1
-7
 
 
38
 
10
1
 
 
51
 
19th
8th
 
 
65
 
22nd
12
 
 
84
 
24
14th
 
 
59
 
22nd
12
 
 
57
 
15th
7th
 
 
58
 
8th
2
 
 
53
 
0
-5
 
 
47
 
-5
-10
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: Roshydromet
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Vladimir
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −7.6 −5.2 0.7 10.1 18.5 22.0 23.6 21.8 15.4 7.7 −0.1 −4.9 O 8.6
Min. Temperature (° C) −13.9 −12.1 −6.7 1.3 7.6 11.5 13.6 12.0 7.1 1.6 −4.6 −10.4 O 0.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 37 32 32 38 51 65 84 59 57 58 53 47 Σ 613
Rainy days ( d ) 10 8th 8th 8th 8th 10 10 9 10 10 11 11 Σ 113
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
−7.6
−13.9
−5.2
−12.1
0.7
−6.7
10.1
1.3
18.5
7.6
22.0
11.5
23.6
13.6
21.8
12.0
15.4
7.1
7.7
1.6
−0.1
−4.6
−4.9
−10.4
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
37
32
32
38
51
65
84
59
57
58
53
47
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Roshydromet

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
  2. ^ Sister cities. Retrieved May 23, 2017 .
  3. Города-партнеры. Retrieved May 23, 2017 .
  4. ^ Chongqing Municipal Government
  5. Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.

Web links

Commons : Vladimir  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Vladimir  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations