Klyasma
The Kljasma ( Russian Клязьма ) is a river in Russia . It is a left tributary of the Oka , which in turn flows into the Volga .
course
The 686 km long Klyazma rises north of Moscow in the Moscow ridge in the Moscow Oblast . It flows first in a southerly direction until it reaches the Northern Administrative District of Moscow south of Sheremetyevo Airport . Here it turns to the east and forms the border between the city of Moscow and the oblast of the same name for a few kilometers .
The Kljasma then reaches the Kljasminskoje reservoir , which was built in 1937 and is used for energy generation and as a recreational area. Shortly after Shcholkowo, it flows through the northern part of the Lossiny Ostrow National Park . From here it forms the northern boundary of the Meshchora lowlands .
A little above Lossino-Petrowski , the Klyasma turns in a south-easterly direction. It flows through Noginsk , Pavlovsky Posad and Orechowo-Sujewo , from where it flows again in a predominantly east and north-east direction. Just below Orechowo-Sujewo it reaches the west of Vladimir Oblast . Here the Pekscha flows into the river from the left. Subsequently, the course of the Kljasma river temporarily forms the natural border between the oblasts of Moscow and Vladimir.
Before Sobinka the river turns to the northeast, takes the Polja from the right and then flows through the central part of the Vladimir Oblast. A little later it reaches the regional capital Vladimir . Below the city the Nerl flow from the left and the Sudogda from the right. Shortly after Kovrov , after taking in the Uvod from the left, the Klyazma forms the border with Ivanovo Oblast for a few kilometers , but turns again in a south-easterly direction and flows through the northeast of Vladimir Oblast.
Shortly after Gorochowez , in the far east of Vladimir Oblast, the Klyazma finally reaches Nizhny Novgorod Oblast , where it joins the Oka from the left after just a few kilometers across from Gorbatow .
The Kljasma is strongly twisted along its entire course and has many oxbow branches .
history
The area of the Kljasma has been populated since the Neolithic . Later, since the 1st millennium BC Finno-Ugric tribes such as the Merja , Muroma and Meschtscheren settled here . In the Middle Ages , the area came increasingly under Slavic influence.
With the rise of the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal in the 11th and 12th centuries, the importance of the Klyazma as a transport and trade route increased. In 1108 the Kiev Grand Duke Vladimir Monomakh founded the city of Vladimir on the Klyazma. Vladimir-Suzdal flourished until 1238, when Vladimir was conquered under Batu Khan during the Mongol invasion of Russia . After the end of Mongolian rule, the region could not regain its former importance and in the early 14th century came under the influence of the emerging Grand Duchy of Moscow .
use
River fishing has been an important livelihood on the Kljasma since historical times . The river has always been an important transport route. During the Soviet period, it was navigable for a length of 302 km from the mouth, but this is only the case for 120 km and on the Kljasminskoje reservoir .
The river is dammed up into several reservoirs that are used to generate electricity. In the Moscow area in particular, they also play an important role in local recreation, such as fishing and canoeing .
fishes
Although the upper reaches of the Kljasma are still heavily polluted, a large number of animal and plant species can be found in and around the river. Fish such as bream , nose , perch , pike , burbot , gudgeon and chub are found in large numbers. Although still very common in the 19th century, catfish and sterlet are hardly to be found.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Article Kljasma in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Kljasma in the State Water Directory of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ Yashin, WM: Study on the pollution of the Klyasma in the Moscow region ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian; DOC file; 422 kB)
