Mikhail Klawdijewitsch Tikhonrawow

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Mikhail Klawdijewitsch Tikhonrawow, 1925

Mikhail Tikhonravov ( Russian Михаил Клавдиевич Тихонравов * July 16 . Jul / 29. July  1900 greg. In Vladimir , Russian Empire ; † 4. March 1974 in Moscow ) was a Soviet engineer and pioneer of space travel . He gained notoriety primarily as the chief developer of Sputnik and Wostok .

Life

Tichonrawow comes from a family of lawyers and teachers. In 1918 he moved to Pereslavl . Tichonrawow completed his training at the Air Force Academy in Zhukovsky in 1925 and then worked in various aviation-related companies before he joined the GIRD (Group for Research on Reactive Propulsion) in 1932 as head of a research group there. In the course of this work he developed the first Soviet two-stage rocket engine .

In 1932 he became department head of the RNII (Scientific Research Institute for Rockets). In this position he built and developed sounding rockets and improved the accuracy of unguided military missiles ( ICBMs ).

From the beginning of the 1940s, he was responsible for developing rockets with high flight altitudes. During World War II , he worked on improving the accuracy of the Katyusha rocket launcher, as well as on problems of aerodynamics and stability of the Kostikov 302P rocket-powered fighter aircraft. As of August 1944, as a member of a Soviet expert commission, he investigated the debris and remains of the German A4 rocket launch systems found at the Heidelager SS military training area and was then subordinated to the Armaments Ministry under the direction of Dmitri Ustinov in order to reconstruct the German rocket technology.

In March 1950, Tikhonrawov, with the active support of the Soviet chief designer Sergei Koroljow, presented his report "Missile Packages and Their Development Perspectives". In it, he developed the ideas he had previously set out, supplemented them with new results and, for the first time, spoke directly about the immediate prospects for the creation of artificial earth satellites and flights of humans into space. The group considered a two-stage package of three R-3 missiles that were being planned, each of which would carry a warhead weighing about 3 tons up to a range of 3000 km. It has been shown that this arrangement can not only allow the transmission of a heavy warhead to any range, but also the launch of a satellite that allows a spaceman to be carried along. In October 1951 he published an article "Flight to the Moon" in the magazine Pionerskaya pravda .

As early as 1954, Tikhonrawov and his colleagues proposed their program of space exploration, from the launch of the first satellite to the creation of manned ships and stations to the landing on the moon. In 1956 he took over the management of the design department at OKB-1 for various artificial earth satellites and manned spaceships for the exploration of the moon and planets of the solar system. For the successful start of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957 and four weeks later Sputnik 2 with the dog Laika on board, Tikhonrawow was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1957 . In addition, he played a key role in the design of Sputnik 3 , the manned Vostok capsules and early planetary probes.

From 1962 he taught as a professor at the Moscow State Aviation Institute .

Awards and memberships

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kostikow 302. Accessed on 20 June 2020 .
  2. ^ Matthias Uhl : Stalin's V-2. The technology transfer of German radio controlled weapons technology to the USSR and the development of the Soviet missile industry from 1945 to 1959 . Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 2001, ISBN 978-3-7637-6214-9 , pp. 33.54 (304 pp.).
  3. ↑ Asif Azam Siddiqi: Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974 . NASA, Washington 2000, p. 84-92 (English, 1028 pages).
  4. ↑ Asif Azam Siddiqi: Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974 . NASA, Washington 2000, p. 84-89 (English).
  5. ^ Anatoly Zak: Origin of the Sputnik project. In: russianspaceweb.com. October 6, 2017, accessed June 20, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Tikhonrawow, Mikhail Klawdijewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Тихонравов, Михаил Клавдиевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet engineer
DATE OF BIRTH July 29, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Vladimir , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH March 4th 1974
Place of death Moscow