Pereslavl-Zalessky

city Pereslavl- Zalessky Переславль-Залесский flag coat of arms Federal district Central Russia Oblast Yaroslavl Urban district Pereslavl-Zalessky mayor Andrei Ochapkin Founded 1152 City since 1152 surface 23  km² population 41,925 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1823 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 142  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 48535 Post Code 15202x License Plate 76 OKATO 78 405 Website http://adm.pereslavl.ru/ Geographical location Coordinates 56 ° 44 '  N , 38 ° 51'  E Coordinates: 56 ° 44 '0 "  N , 38 ° 51' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Yaroslavl Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Pereslavl- Zalesski ( Russian Переславль-Залесский , DIN transliteration Pereslavl'-Zalesskij ) is a Russian city ​​with 41,925 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) in the Yaroslavl Oblast . As one of the oldest and best preserved cities in central Russia, it is part of the so-called Golden Ring of Historic Cities northeast of Moscow.

geography

Pereslavl-Zalessky is located on the southeastern bank of Lake Pleschtschejewo , around 140 km northeast of Moscow and 124 km southwest of the regional capital Yaroslavl . The closest cities are Alexandrov (37 km south of Pereslavl), Strunino (42 km south-west) and Karabanovo (47 km south). The border between Yaroslavl Oblast and Vladimir Oblast runs around 20 km south of the city . Within Pereslavl-Zalessky, the Trubesch river flows into Lake Pleschcheevo.

history

Transfiguration Cathedral

The botik "Fortuna" Peter the Great

The history of the city goes back to the year 1152 when a fortress was built here by Grand Duke Yuri Dolgoruki , who had also founded Moscow five years earlier. The place name Pereslavl was chosen based on the city of Perejaslav of Kievan Rus , which was founded in 907 , with the addition Zalessky literally meaning "behind the forest" and reminds of the wealth of forests in this area. Even the Trubesch river , which flows into Lake Pleschcheevo, was named after the river of the same name , which flows through the older Pereslavl, which is now part of Ukraine .

According to the tradition of the time, the newly founded fortress city received a Kremlin , a medieval Russian fortress with a wall and defense towers. The earth wall and the Transfiguration Cathedral from the 1150s are only the only remains of the former fortress. The cathedral is one of the oldest Russian Orthodox sacred buildings and is also known for the fact that the city's most famous son, Prince Alexander Nevsky , was there at the time , was baptized. From 1176 to 1302 Pereslavl-Zalessky was the royal seat of its own princes. Under Yaroslav II Vsevolodowitsch (1212-1238), father of Alexander Nevsky, who was born in Pereslavl-Zalessky in 1220, the territory of Pereslavl-Zalessky also included Dmitrov and Tver and was one of the most important principalities at the time.

After the dynasty died out in 1302, the princes of Moscow and Tver fought over the principality. The Golden Horde nominally counted the area to the Grand Duchy of Vladimir, with which it was added directly to the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1375 . From then on, governors of the Moscow Grand Duke ruled the town. The city became an important trading center on the route from Moscow to Arkhangelsk . In the 14th and 15th centuries, the city was targeted by Tatars several times . In the 15th and 16th centuries, Pereslavl- Zalessky belonged to the hereditary rule ( Votchina ) of the Moscow Grand Dukes and received a new fortification at this time. In 1608, in the times of the so-called Smuta , it was occupied by Polish-Lithuanian interventions. During these attacks, Pereslavl was devastated each time and then had to be rebuilt. Several church buildings, which have been preserved to this day, were also built, each of which represents a different era. The city developed particularly strongly in the middle of the 16th century when Tsar Ivan the Terrible made generous donations for the city.

From 1688 to 1693, Tsar Peter the Great set up a school fleet here on the nearby Pleschtschejewo Lake and had a number of smaller warships built, which is considered the founding event of the Russian Navy .

In 1708 the city was added to the Moscow governorate , and in 1778 it became the district capital of the Vladimir governorate . In the 18th century, when the importance of the city as a fortress no longer existed, industry began to develop here with the establishment of the first textile manufacturers. A number of other historical buildings in Pereslavl's old town that have survived to this day date from this period. Overall, Pereslavl played a rather minor role for industry, also due to its comparatively remote location - the connecting road from Moscow to Yaroslavl ran a little further outside the city - which changed little in the times of the Soviet Union .

Population development

year	Residents
1897	10,639
1926	13,386
1939	19,874
1959	23,137
1970	30,062
1979	37.505
1989	42,331
2002	43,379
2010	41,925

Note: census data

Attractions

The Goritsky Monastery in Pereslavl-Zalessky

Today Pereslavl-Zalessky is predominantly a tourist town, which also forms part of the Golden Ring . The main attractions of the city are the remains of the former Kremlin, including the Transfiguration Cathedral , for which the foundation stone was laid in 1152, at the same time as the city was founded. There are also five Russian Orthodox monasteries in the city: the Goritsky Monastery (founded around the beginning of the 14th century, dissolved in 1788), the Nikita Monastery (founded before 1186, today again operated as a male monastery), the Nicholas Monastery ( founded in 1350, again operated as a women's monastery since 1993), the Daniel Trinity Monastery (founded in 1508, today again operated as a men's monastery) and the Fyodor monastery (founded in the 15th century). Other well-known sacred buildings in Pereslavl-Zalessky are u. a. the Church of Metropolitan Peter (1585), the Smolensk Cornelius Church and the Alexander Nevsky Church.

Near the city is the Museum Botik Peter I , founded in 1803 , where, among other things, the ship "Fortuna" is exhibited, which dates back to the time of Peter the Great and was the only one to survive the major fire of 1783. One of the newer museums worth seeing is the Pereslavl Narrow Gauge Railway Museum, founded in 1991 , which operated the 41 km long Pereslavl Museum Narrow Gauge Railway until 2001 . The entire old town of Pereslavl is also a sight with historical merchant houses, industrial buildings and typical Russian wooden houses.

Economy and Infrastructure

University campus in Pereslavl

While tourism shapes the economic life of the city, industry plays only a relatively minor role - there is a factory for photography accessories and several textile and food companies. Pereslavl has also had its own university since 1993.

Pereslavl is located near the section of the M8 trunk road , part of the 115 European route , between Sergiev Posad and Rostov ; a side road branching off from it near the city leads via Jurjew-Polski to Vladimir . The Pereslavl narrow-gauge railway was in operation along the lakeshore until 2004 ; it has since been dismantled and is now only used on a small section of the Pereslavl narrow-gauge railway museum. A broad gauge branch line of the Trans-Siberian Railway leading from Berendejewo (near Alexandrow) to Pereslavl is used today only for freight traffic.

sons and daughters of the town

• Prince Alexander Newski († 1263), national hero and saint
• Ivan Kusmitsch Korobow (around 1700–1747), architect
• Dmitry Mirimanoff (1861–1945), Swiss mathematician
• Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Kardowski (1866–1943), painter
• Ivan Rufanow (1884–1964), surgeon
• Leonid Kurtschewski (1890–1937), weapons engineer
• Andrei Rudakow (* 1961), football player and coach
• Alexander Petrow (born 1989), actor

Town twinning

• Neckarbischofsheim , Germany
• District of Waldeck-Frankenberg , Germany (partnership with the Pereslawl Rayon since 1990)

gallery

• 

  M. Presnyakov (1993)
  In downtown Pereslavl-Zalessky

• 

  The Epiphany Church
  (Pereslavl-Zalessky, 2009)

• 

  The Nikita Cathedral (in the Nikita Monastery)

literature

• Z. I. Pastuchova, E. N. Ponomarëva: Drevnerusskie goroda . Pp. 284-295. Rusič, Smolensk 2006, ISBN 5-8138-0470-6

Web links

Commons : Pereslavl-Zalessky  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• The Pereslavl-Zalessky Museum Reserve (Russian)
• detailed information on Pereslavl-Zalessky and the Golden Ring (pictures, information in German)
• Pereslavl-Zalessky and the cities of the Golden Ring (German)
• Pereslavl-Zalessky on mojgorod.ru (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ player Andrey Rudakov , transfermarkt.com
3. ↑ coach Andrey Rudakov , transfermarkt.com