Myshkin
| city
Myshkin
Myskin
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| List of cities in Russia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
_(1778).png)
.svg)
Myshkin ( Russian Мышкин ) is a city in Yaroslavl Oblast in Russia . With 5932 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) it is the smallest town in the oblast.
geography
The city lies on the Volga 233 km northeast of Moscow , 520 km southeast of Saint Petersburg and 85 km northwest of the regional capital Yaroslavl . The Rybinsk Reservoir is located about 40 km north of Myshkin . The Volga is around 300 to 600 meters wide at the height of Myshkin. The nearest railway station, Volga-Stanzija , is 22 km north of the city. Myshkin is a district town with about 20 associated villages. The total area of the district extends to approx. 100 km². The Juhot River flows into the Volga directly opposite Myshkin . A little further north, on the other bank of the Volga, is the old village of Okhotino with a cathedral from the 17th century.
climate
Myshkin is located in the temperate continental zone with snowy winters and short hot summers. The mean temperatures are minus 11 ° C in January and 17.5 ° C in July. The Volga is usually icy from late November to late April (2007 was an exception). The ecological situation in the city is harmless. The water quality in the Volga in the Myshkin area and upstream is also safe and shows no serious traces of pollution.
history
The legend of the origins of the city goes as follows: A prince (probably Fyodor Michailowitsch Mstislavski) is said to have taken a nap on the high bank of the Volga after a successful hunt. He had been sleeping for several hours when a mouse jumped over his face and woke him. The prince was angry at first, but at the same moment saw a snake beside him. The mouse saved his life. The prince then called his men together and ordered a chapel to be built on this square in honor of Saints Boris and Gleb. The town called Myshkin (literally "mouse town") has arisen around the chapel.
Excavations indicate that on the area of today's city as early as the 8th millennium BC. BC people have lived. From the 7th century to the 5th century BC The region was inhabited by the tribes of the Djakovo culture, which belonged to the Finno-Ugric branch of the Ural language family and from which the Merja tribe later emerged. The Merjas inhabited the territory around Myshkin in the 6th – 11th centuries. Century. The Slavic tribes, who from the 11th century advanced northwards, mingled with the Merjas over time. Several hydro- and toponyms in the Myshkin region go back to the Merjas. The ongoing excavations still bring to light important objects of art and trade of that era.
The high hill on the banks of the Volga opposite the mouth of the Juhot River was favorable for the establishment of the settlement, which only gained city status through an edict of Catherine the Great in the 18th century . The archaeological research finds on this site indicate the existence of a small town settlement in the 11th – 13th centuries. Century.
The city had suffered badly from the war of the Novgorod and Suzdal princes in the middle of the 12th century, in 1238 it was completely destroyed by the Tatar warriors. Myshkin was later rebuilt and existed as the village of Myshkino until the 17th century. In the 15th-17th In the 18th century, the lands around Myshkin belonged to the princes Shumorovsky, Uschaty, Juchotski, Mezecki, Mstislavski, and later to the Moscow Chudov monastery . 1551 Prince Uschatys between Myshkin and today were in the areas of Rybinsk Reservoir submerged city Mologa wooden blocks for the walls and towers of the city sviyazhsk prepared and along the Volga abgeflößt the base of the Russian army at the siege of Kazan .
The location of Myshkin turned out to be favorable because of the proximity of the Volga river thresholds, under which passage through the Myshkin Gate river threshold was considered particularly difficult. Entrepreneurial residents of the city have learned the pilot's trade and earned a lot from it by taking merchant ships through the thresholds.
After the administrative reform of Catherine II, Myshkin received the status of a city in 1777, in 1778 it received the coat of arms with the Yaroslavl bear in the upper part and a mouse in the lower part, and in 1780 a city development plan, the layout of which has largely been preserved to this day .
The 19th century developed during Myshkin's heyday. The wealthy Myshkin merchants Sizkow, Tschistow and Stolbow were known in many cities in Russia. A resident of the village of Kajurovo, located in the Myshkin administrative region, named Pyotr Arsenyevich Smirnov, became famous around the world as the inventor of Russian vodka, the Smirnoff vodka. The city became an important hub for the wholesale trade in butter, bread and textiles, which were then delivered to Petersburg. Myshkin became the center of linen clothing in the region. Fyodor Konstantinowitsch Opotschinin founded a library in Myshkin which, according to contemporaries, would have done credit to any governorate town.
In 1927 Myshkin lost its town status for the second time in its history and was again converted into the village of Myshkino (Мышкино) ( urban-type settlement from 1943 ). In the 1940s, with the construction of the Rybinsk Reservoir and the associated flooding of extensive territories, a third of Myshkin also disappeared. In 1969, the construction of a gas compressor station a few kilometers north of the city brought a new economic boom.
In 1966 the ethnographic museum was founded.
Much has changed in Myshkin during perestroika and the following years. In 1991 the city got its status back and was renamed Myshkin again.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 2232 |
| 1939 | 4146 |
| 1959 | 3878 |
| 1970 | 4103 |
| 1979 | 4824 |
| 1989 | 6340 |
| 2002 | 6076 |
| 2010 | 5932 |
Note: census data
Economy and Infrastructure
Tourism is an important economic factor and the trend is increasing. At the beginning of the 1990s the city had 7,000 tourists, the number increased tenfold in 2006 to 70,000.
With money from tourism, the residents restore the cathedrals and repair the buildings that have run down in recent decades. All of this has a positive effect on employment policy in the city itself and in the surrounding villages.
The gas compressor station with the associated transmission infrastructure of the company "SEVGAZPROM", which was built in the 1970s, is playing an increasingly important role in the city's economic development. Three important oil and gas pipelines run through Myshkin Rajon ( Druzhba oil pipeline , gas pipeline of the North Stream project), which make an important contribution to improving the economic situation in the city and the Myshkin district.
There is a local hospital in the city that is also responsible for medical care in the Rajon.
traffic
Myshkin has no bridge over the Volga and no railway station. The next road connection across the Volga runs over the dam in the city of Uglich, about 40 km (road) away . The nearest railway station is about 22 km north of the city. The most popular means of transport in the city are passenger ships that go up and down the river and dock in the city. A passenger and car ferry runs several times a day to the other bank of the Volga, every hour during the day in summer.
There are daily bus connections to the Volga-Stanzija railway station, Uglich, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl and several villages in the region. In winter, ferry traffic across the Volga is suspended, which is why vehicles can only get to the other side of the Volga by detour via Uglich. However, if the ice cover is thick enough, motor vehicle traffic will also go directly across the Volga.
Educational institutions
The most famous educational institution in the city is the Opochinin Library. In addition to books from the private collection of the great-grandfather of the famous military leader, Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov , the library's founders, including those of A. A. Tjutschew, the cousin of the Russian poet Fyodor Tjutschew , and many other merchants from the area , formed the basis of the library . The library should act as a foundation for scientific books, as a collection of manuscripts and as a repository for rare books. At the end of the 19th century the library had 12,000 volumes. Public events were organized here and plays were shown. A weather station was set up near the library and maintained connections to other European cities.
Culture and sights
Myshkin's residents and well-known personalities cultivate and market the city as a classic Russian province with authentic architecture and a special atmosphere that combines typical Central Russian landscapes with the river, which has become an urban element. The goal is to build a city as an open-air museum and at the same time a museum city.
There are four theaters and a literary salon in Myshkin. Overall, Myshkin has an unusual density of museums, exhibition spaces and other cultural institutions for the size of the city. There is also a picture gallery and a library with almost 60,000 volumes. There is also a working old forge and forge.
Museums
In 1966, an ethnographic museum was opened in the city, which today has over 15,000 art objects and consists of several partial exhibitions.
The city currently has ten museums. In addition to the ethnographic museum, there is a trade museum, the museum of the vodka manufacturer P. A. Smirnow, who was born in Myshkin district; the Felt Shoe Museum , the Mouse Museum - the only one of its kind in the world, as well as the Museum of Family Collections, the Museum of the Kazkari (a Russian-speaking minority who speaks an ancient dialect) and the Museum of the Land of Utchema.
Buildings
Two cathedrals became the architectural highlights of the city: the Nicholas Cathedral (Никольский собор), which existed before the city status was granted, and the Uspensky Cathedral (Успенский собор), built in the first half of the 19th century with the help of donations of the Myshkin merchants. Most buildings that have an architectural, historical or historical relevance either have name plates or memorial plaques.
Regular events
Every year literary and cultural-historical readings take place in Myshkin. The reports about it are printed in the old Myschkiner print shop.
Personalities
The formation of the first city library is connected with the person of Fyodor Konstantinovich Opotschinin, who came from Saint Petersburg . Opochinin was the district chairman of the local nobility. He opened schools and other educational institutions. Opotschinin was a historian, archeographer, bibliophile and also worked for the magazine "Alte Zeit in Russland" (Русская старина) in Saint Petersburg.
The most famous man from the Myshkin area, the vodka manufacturer P. A. Smirnow ( Smirnoff vodka), was born in the village of Kajurowo in the Myshkin district. A museum has recently been opened in his honor.
The brother of Fyodor Dostoyevsky , Mikhail Dostoyevsky , who lived for a while in Yaroslavl, the capital of the region, is said to have given the writer the hint to use the name Myshkin in allusion to the small and little-known town for the prototype of his main character Romans The Idiot To Take.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
| Cities |
Danilov R | Gavrilov-Jam R | Yaroslavl S / R | Ljubim R | Myshkin R | Pereslavl-Zalessky S / R | Poschechonje R | Rostov R | Rybinsk R | Tutayev R | Uglich S / R |
|
| Urban-type settlements |
Borissoglebski R | Burmakino | Konstantinovsky | Ischnja | Krasny Profintern | Lesnaya Polyana | Nekrasovskoye R | Petrovskoye | Porechye-Rybnoye | Pretschistoje R | Semibratowo |
|
| Other Rajon centers |
