Daurian landscapes
| Daurian landscapes | |
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UNESCO world heritage 
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Sun Torej Lake District |
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| National territory: |
 Russia Mongolia
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| Type: | nature |
| Criteria : | (ix), (x) |
| Surface: | 912.624 ha |
| Buffer zone: | 307,317 ha |
| Reference No .: | 1448 |
| UNESCO region : | Asia and Pacific |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2017 ( session 41 ) |
The Daurian Landscapes (Russian Ландшафты Даурии Landšafty Daurii ) have been a transnational, serial UNESCO natural heritage of Mongolia and the Russian Federation since 2017 . As a result, several nature reserves in the north of the Daurian Steppe ecoregion have become world heritage sites . An expansion to include areas in the People's Republic of China has been suggested. The three neighboring countries Mongolia, Russia and China have been cooperating since 1994 under the Dauria International Protected Area Agreement .
history
The Daurian Steppe ecoregion is the only region in the world in which the transition from the circumboreal taiga forest biome to the temperate continental steppe biome takes place completely undisturbed.
The Sun Torej Lake District has remained largely free of human interference on the Russian side, people only came here as hunters and fishermen. The steppe areas are different: around 20% was plowed and the rest used as pasture or for haymaking. On the Mongolian side, the Mongol-Daguur area was only sparsely populated until the 1940s. The few people practiced traditional cattle breeding. Changes brought about the construction of the cross-border railway line Choibalsan - Borsja in 1939. Now the border town Ereenzaw and an agricultural cooperative in Sum Chuluunchoroot were established. It cultivated 20,000 hectares of land and was of national importance for Mongolia; with the transition to a market economy it was given up. The land has been fallow ever since.
Parts of the world heritage area
The serial world heritage includes the following nature reserves:
On the territory of the Russian Federation
- Daurian National Biosphere Reserve (49,764 hectares)
- Buffer zone of this biosphere reserve (117,690 hectares)
- Federation nature reserve "Dzeren Valley" (111,568 hectares). Dseren ( дзерэн ) is the Russian name for the Mongolian gazelle .
On the territory of Mongolia
- Mongol Daguur, Part A (87,780 hectares)
- Mongol Daguur, Part B (15,236 hectares)
- Buffer zone of these nature reserves (477,064 hectares)
Breeding birds
The Sun Torej Lake District (Russia) is of particular importance as a breeding area for some of the world's most endangered bird species.
- Swan Goose Cygnopsis cygnoides (13,400 individuals, 17% of the global population)
- Great bustard , subspecies Otis tarda dybowskii (150 individuals, 13%)
- Relic gull Larus relictus (2,430 individuals, 20%)
- Barnacle crane Grus leucogeranus (32 individuals, 1%)
- White- naped crane Grus vipio (240 individuals, 4%)
- Black crane Grus monacha (1,250 individuals, 12%).
In addition, the lake area is important as a resting place for non-breeding migratory birds. In large numbers individuals, for example, encountered the following species of birds: Tundra Swan Cygnus bewickii / сolumbianus , ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea , Pochard Aythya ferina , Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva , Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola , Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus , red-necked stint Calidris ruficollis , waders Limicola falcinellus and Little Curlew Numenius minutus .
Mammals
Almost all mammal species that are native to this region are represented in large numbers in the designated protected area. The rodents and predators are particularly rich in species .
Six endemic and sub-endemic species of the Mongolian-Daurian habitat can be found in the natural heritage area of Daurian landscapes:
- Daurian ground squirrel Spermophilus dauricus
- Brandt's Mongolian vole s Lasiopodomys brandtii
- Daurian hedgehog, Mesechinus lasturicus
- Daurian mole rat Myospalax aspalax
- Daurian hamster, Cricetulus pseudogriseus
- Mongolian gazelle, Procapra gutturosa . "This emblematic species of Central Asia is one of the last migratory ungulates in Asia and is particularly present in the World Heritage area in the summer and autumn months." Two relatively large local groups were observed in the Sun Torej Lake area after 2001; the total number was for Estimated at 5,000 to 6,000 individuals in 2012. A much larger number, up to 120,000 animals, cross the natural heritage area every year during the winter hike. This is the only remaining passage of the Mongolian Gazelle between Mongolia and Russia.
World Heritage Criteria
Criterion IX
The Daurian landscapes offer a variety of ecosystems due to the different climatic conditions - from cold and humid taiga forest climate to continental semi-arid steppe climate. Cycles of dry and wet periods alternate. The Daurian landscapes are an "extraordinary scene of evolutionary adaptation processes."
Criterion X
The Daurian landscapes make an important contribution to global biodiversity protection . Several endangered species are at home here. The lakes and wetlands are resting areas on the East Asian-Australasian bird migration route.
Web links
- Booklet: Landscapes of Dauria. Potential Serial Transnational World Heritage Property (The Russian Federation and Mongolia)
Individual evidence
- ^ Landscapes of Dauria. Potential Serial Transnational World Heritage Property. P. 38 , accessed November 10, 2018 .
- ^ Landscapes of Dauria. Potential Serial Transnational World Heritage Property. P. 11 , accessed November 10, 2018 .
- ^ Landscapes of Dauria. Potential Serial Transnational World Heritage Property. P. 31 , accessed November 10, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Landscapes of Dauria. Potential Serial Transnational World Heritage Property. P. 34 , accessed November 10, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Transnational World Heritage Site between Russia and Mongolia. In: German UNESCO Commission. Retrieved November 10, 2018 .
- ^ Landscapes of Dauria. Potential Serial Transnational World Heritage Property. P. 37 , accessed on November 10, 2018 .
Heritage: cultural landscape Orkhon -Tal (2004) | Rock carvings in the Mongolian Altai (2011) | Holy Mountain Burchan Khaldun and Surrounding Landscape (2015)
Natural heritage: Uws-Nuur basin (2003) | Daurian Landscapes (2017)
Heritage: Historic Center of Saint Petersburg (1990) | Churches of Kizhi Pogost on the island of Kizhi in Lake Onega (1990) | Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow (1990) | Architectural monuments of Novgorod and the surrounding area (1990) | Historical and cultural monuments on the Solovetsky Islands on the White Sea (1992) | White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal (1992) | Fortified Monastery of the Holy Trinity and St. Sergius in Sergiev Posad (1993) | Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye (1994) | Kazan Kremlin (2000) | Ferapontow Monastery (2000) | Curonian Spit (2000) | Citadel, old town and fortifications of Derbent (2003) | Novodevichy Monastery (2004) | Yaroslavl Old Town (2005) | Struve Arch (2005) | Historical center and archaeological sites of Bolgar (2014) | Assumption Cathedral of the island city of Svyazhsk (2017) | Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture (2019)
Natural Heritage: Komi Primeval Forests (1995) | Lake Baikal (1996) | Volcanic region of Kamchatka with the Klyuchevskoy Nature Park (1996) | Golden Mountains of the Altai in Southern Siberia (1998) | Western Caucasus (1999) | Central Sichote-Alin Nature Reserve (2001) | Uws Nuur Basin (2003) | Wrangel Island Nature Reserve (2004) | Putorana Mountains (2010) | Lenafelsen Nature Park (2012) | Daurian Landscapes (2017)