Daurien
Daurien ( Russian Даурия , also Dahurien , less often Davurien ) or Transbaikalia, also Transbaikal (Russian Забайка́лье , Sabaikalje; zəbɐjˈkalʲjə ) is a mountainous region in the east of Russia / Siberia .
location
The region lies between Lake Baikal and the upper reaches of the Amur . Often the northeast of Mongolia is also included. The area extends in north-south direction over about 1000 kilometers from the Patom highlands and the North Baikal plateau to the Russian border, from west to east also over about 1000 kilometers from Lake Baikal to the confluence of the Shilka and Argun to the Amur. The name is derived from the Mongolian people of the Daur , who used to inhabit this region. The most important cities in the region are Tschita and Ulan-Ude .
The landscape mostly has the character of low mountain ranges with wide valleys lying between the ridges through which the Schilka, Onon , Ingoda and Argun, rivers in the Amur catchment area, flow.
The area is rich in natural resources. In Krasnokamensk, for example, near the Russian- Chinese border, there are important uranium mines and facilities for its processing.
The geographic Transbaikalia is not congruent with the Russian federation region Transbaikalia , which only includes the two former administrative units Oblast Chita and Autonomous Okrug of the Agin Buryats , but not the territories of the autonomous republic of Buryatia and the Irkutsk Oblast , which are partly also in Dauria . In the Russian Empire , Transbaikalia was an oblast, with the capital Nerchinsk , later Chita. The area was also part of the short-lived Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922).
climate
The climate is strictly continental. The winters are long and hard. The mean temperature in January ranges from −23 ° C in the south to −33 ° C in the north and southeast. The lowest absolute temperature measured was −58 ° C. Summers are warm and cool in the higher mountains. The mean July temperature is between 10 and 20 ° C in the valleys and between 5 and 7 ° C at altitudes around 2500 m. The amount of precipitation increases from the southeast to the northwest, as well as from the valleys (300 mm annual precipitation) to the higher ridges (up to 1000 mm annual precipitation).
Biogeography and nature conservation
Daurien lies in the transition area from the steppe zone in the south to the boreal zone in the north. The natural vegetation consists of grasslands, forest steppes and forests.
The term Daurien is mainly used today in biogeography . Some of the species occurring there have a corresponding species epithet , such as B. the magpie jackdaw ( Corvus dauricus ), the red swallow ( Hirundo daurica ), the bearded partridge ( Perdix daurica ) and the Daurian hedgehog ( Mesechinus lasturicus ) or a related German name such as the Dahurian larch ( Larix gmelinii ). The Daurian nature reserve particularly protects the Mongolian gazelle that lives there .
Under the name Landscapes of Dauria ( Landscapes of Dauria ; Russian Ландшафты Даурии , Landschafty Daurii ) parts of the region in Russia and Mongolia were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017 . The criteria for this were the exemplary character in the evolution of ecosystems and the role as a habitat for a large number of animal and plant species, including many threatened species. The Daurian nature reserve is part of the world heritage area.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b UNESCO World Heritage Center: Landscapes of Dauria. Retrieved August 2, 2017 .