Chita
city
Chita
Чита
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List of cities in Russia |
Chita ( Russian Чита́ ) is a city in Russia and the capital of the Transbaikalia region on the Trans-Siberian Railway with 324,444 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) in southeast Siberia .
geography
Chita is located in the central part of Transbaikalia in the Jablonovy Mountains .
Population and urban structure
Chita has 307,081 inhabitants (calculation as of January 1, 2009) and is divided into four Stadtrajons : Ingodinski (68,484 inhabitants), Schelesnodoroschny (47,023), Tschernowski (80,974) and Zentralny (109,653).
climate
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Chita
Source: Roshydromet
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Tschita shows very strong temperature fluctuations. The summers are warm to hot, the winters very cold. The lowest temperature ever measured is -49.6 ° C, the highest at 43.2 ° C, which is one of the highest temperatures in Siberia. Since only three months exceed the 10 ° C mean, the climate counts as subarctic ( Dfc ).
architecture
The city center in Chita is characterized by parallel streets that cross at right angles. This course of the road like from the drawing board is rare in Russia. Architecturally, many styles meet in Tschita. The typical five-story building ( Khrushchevka ) from the Soviet era is dominant . In contrast to these Soviet traces, Chita is also built on with a number of individual houses, most of which were built using wood.
history
The history of the city began with a winter camp in 1653 when Cossacks camped at the confluence of the Chita and Ingoda rivers . A permanent settlement arose after 1675. Due to the favorable location, an ostrog was added in 1699 . The small town at the time received its first development boost in 1825 when the Decembrists , St. Petersburg officers, were banished from behind Lake Baikal because of a failed coup attempt and were settled in Chita. The real upswing came in 1903, when the Trans-Siberian Railway reached the city. From 1920 to 1922 Chita was the capital of the Far Eastern Republic . At the beginning of the Soviet era , there were several administrative changes: In the RSFSR , Chita was the capital of the Trainsbaikal Governorate in the Far Eastern Oblast from 1922 to 1926 , from 1926 to 1930 the Okrug Chita as part of the Far Eastern Krai , from 1930 to 1936 it belonged to the East Siberian Krai ( In 1934 there was a Chita Oblast there for a short time) and finally in 1936/37 to the East Siberian Oblast , before the Chita Oblast , which existed until 2008, was formed in 1937 .
The command of the Transbaikal Military District was in Chita. He was also responsible for the Soviet troop contingent in the neighboring Mongolian People's Republic and was significantly strengthened in the course of the 1960s due to the Sino-Soviet rift . The forces of the Soviet Army in this border area against China comprised around 15 divisions of high readiness level as well as medium-range nuclear missiles .
Chita is a twin town (or "brother town" in Russian) of Boise , Idaho in the USA .
Jews in Chita and its region
The first Jews came to Chita in the second half of the 19th century because of the silver mines and the location on the trade routes. In the 1897 census, there were about 8,000 Jews in Transbaikalia and about 1,200 in Chita.
Chita was at the beginning of the 20th century a center of Zionism as well as the socialist movement. Yemeljan Yaroslavsky , one of the leading Bolsheviks of Jewish descent, was born in Chita. Most Jews, however, were supporters of the white movement , despite the anti-Semitism that was widespread in it . In 1919 Ataman Semenov also recruited some Jews from Chita who fought against the Bolsheviks. During the time of the Far Eastern Republic (April 1920 to November 1922), the Jews were largely able to live undisturbed and made a major contribution to the region's economic development. In 1929, under Stalin , the Jewish community was banned and the largest synagogue in Asia was nationalized. Most of the Jews left the city for Harbin and only a few, from all parts of the Soviet Union, later settled there again. After 1989 around 1000 Jews emigrated to Israel , today there are just 200 Jews living in Chita.
Population development
year | Residents |
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1897 | 11,511 |
1926 | 58,000 |
1939 | 102,620 1 |
1959 | 171,816 |
1970 | 241.364 |
1979 | 302,577 |
1989 | 365.754 |
2002 | 316,643 |
2010 | 324,444 |
2015 | 339.453 |
Source: except for 2015 census data (1926 rounded)
Economy and Transport
The economy is characterized by the connection to the Trans-Siberian Railway and is mainly based on mechanical engineering and metal processing, lignite and trade with the People's Republic of China . The Transbaikalia region has the status of a special economic zone . The city is the administrative seat of the Transbaikal Regional Directorate of the Russian State Railways . The management not only operates all railway lines and the associated infrastructure in the greater Tschita area, but also a rail network over 3336 kilometers long. The R258 Baikal trunk road , which begins in Chita and is a section of the AH6 Asian trunk road , connects the city to Irkutsk via Ulan-Ude . R297 Amur begins here and runs for a total length of 2165 km from Chita to Khabarovsk, mostly along the eponymous river Amur .
The Kadala Airport is approximately 13 kilometers west of the city, the Domna 27 km southwest.
Sports
The city is home to the football club FK Tschita .
Further educational institutions
- Faculty of the East Siberian State Academy of Culture and the Arts
- Branch of the Irkutsk State Agricultural Academy
- Branch of the Irkutsk State Economic Academy
- Institute for Engineers of Railway Transport Transbaikalia
- Transbaikalia Entrepreneurship Institute
- Chita State Medical Academy
- Chita State University
- State Humanitarian and Pedagogical Nikolai Gavrilowitsch Chernyshevsky University of Transbaikal Chita
sons and daughters of the town
- Alexander Bajew (1904–1994), biochemist and molecular biologist
- Jemeljan Jaroslawski (1878–1943), politician and journalist; Leader of the Union of Militant Atheists
- Natalja Kuksina (* 1984), wrestler
- Wil Lipatow (1927–1979), writer
- Oleg Lundstrem (1916–2005), jazz musician and orchestra leader
- Igor Mirnow (* 1984), ice hockey player
- Matthew Nowicki (1910–1950), Polish architect, urban planner, architecture professor and graphic artist
- Lev Okhotin (1911-1948), fascist
- Maria Ovsiankina (1898-1993), psychologist
- Anatoli Pepeljajew (1891–1938), general and white guard
- Anastassija Piwowarowa (* 1990), tennis player
- Gennadi Sakowitsch (* 1931), chemist and university professor
- Anatoly Sobchak (1937–2000), reformist and mayor of Saint Petersburg
- Witali Solomin (1941–2002), actor
- Lyudmila Titowa (* 1946), speed skater and Olympic champion in 1968
- Wladimira Uborewitsch (* 1924), architect
- Dmitri Wolkogonow (1928–1995), Colonel General, philosophy professor and historian
- Michail Volkonsky (1832–1909), Prince, Russian Privy Councilor, Senator and Deputy Minister for National Education
Town twinning
Tschita lists the following twin cities :
- Hailar , People's Republic of China, since 1992
- Chita , Japan, since 1994
- Choibalsan , Mongolia, since 1995
- Abilene , United States, since 1996
- Manjur , People's Republic of China, since 1999
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
Web links
- City administration website
- City portal
- Старая Чита - Russian website on the history of the city and region