Bukachacha

Urban-type settlement Bukatschatscha Букачача Federal district far East region Transbaikalia Rajon Chernyshevsk Founded 1911 Urban-type settlement since 1938 population 2359 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Height of the center 750  m Time zone UTC + 9 Telephone code (+7) 30265 Post Code 673492 License Plate 75, 80 OKATO 76 248 556 Geographical location Coordinates 52 ° 59 '  N , 116 ° 55'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 59 '0 "  N , 116 ° 55' 0"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Transbaikalia region

Bukachacha ( Russian Букачача ) is an urban-type settlement in the Transbaikalia region ( Russia ) with 2359 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The settlement is located in Transbaikalia on the southeast flank of the Nertscha-Kuenga Mountains, a low mountain range that separates the catchment areas of the left Shilka tributaries Nertscha and Kuenga , about 250 kilometers as the crow flies northeast of the regional capital Chita . The Agita, a left tributary of the Kuenga, flows through the settlement.

Bukachacha belongs to the Chernyshevsk Raion and is a good 50 kilometers north of its administrative center Chernyshevsk . The settlement is also administratively subordinate to the small villages Buchta, Borodinsk and Ust-Gorbiza, located below in the valleys of Agita and Kuenga up to 30 kilometers away.

history

Bukachacha

The place was founded in 1911 by resettlers from the Kaluga governorate . The place name is of Evenkian origin, is derived from the term bukachan for isolated hills in a valley, as they are common in the area, and interpreted as a cattle yard .

Already in the late 19th century was of Evenk hunters on the outcropping of coal seams , which were first described in 1889 and from 1909 geologically examined in more detail been reported in the area. In 1916, the entrepreneur Sabeschtschanski began mining coal, which, however, initially came to a standstill after the October Revolution in 1917. At the instigation of the Transbaikal Railway , which needed coal to operate its steam locomotives , exploration work was resumed from 1924, and in November 1930 the Bukachacha coal mine went into operation. In 1932 a railway line over 72 kilometers from the Paschino station (later imeni Kaganowitscha, today Chernyshevsk-Sabaikalski) was brought up to the Trans-Siberian Railway , initially narrow-gauge with a gauge of 750 mm, but converted to broad-gauge around 1940 .

In connection with the start of coal mining a few kilometers north of the original location (since then the district of Staraya Bukachacha, "Old Bukachacha"), the quickly growing place was given the status of an urban-type settlement in 1938. From April 1938 to June 1942 there was a prisoner camp there in the Gulag system , called Bukachacha-ITL or Bukachachlag . Up to 7500 inmates were used in coal mining.

The peak of coal mining in and around Bukachacha falls in the 1950s to 1960s, with a maximum of 985,000 tons of coal in 1965. In the 1990s, coal mining from the largely dismantled deposit became increasingly unprofitable. After several fires, including a major one in the summer of 1997, the mine was closed on January 21, 1998. When the main employer ceased to exist, most of the residents left the town, whose population is now only a fifth of that of 1959.

Population development

year	Residents
1923	212
1939	6.110
1959	13,184
1970	11,024
1979	9,471
1989	7,941
2002	3,525
2010	2,359

Note:: from 1939 census data

Economy and Infrastructure

After the coal mine was closed in 1998 and other previously existing businesses (metal goods factory, lime works), there is now only a small textile factory, along with forestry for local needs.

The place is connected to Chernyshevsk on the Trans-Siberian Railway by a 72-kilometer railway line. The railway line follows a road through the Agita and Kuenga valleys, which also branches off the M58 Amur federal highway in Chernyshevsk .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Bukatschatscha ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the manual of the Transbaikal Railway (Russian)  
3. ↑ Narrow gauge railways Transbaikaliens on the website of Sergei Bolashenko (Russian)
4. ↑ Bukatschatscha-ITL in the GULAG internet portal of Memorial Deutschland e. V.
5. ↑ Bukachacha Colliery in the Transbaikalia Handbook (Russian)
6. ↑ Bukachacha in the Transbaikalia Handbook (Russian)