Evenk language
| Evenk | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
 Russia ( Siberia ), Mongolia , People's Republic of China 
|
|
| speaker | China: about 19,000 Russia: 7,580 |
|
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language in |
 Krasnoyarsk Territory (only in the area of the former Evenki Autonomous Okrug )
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
tut (other Altaic languages) |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
evn |
|
The Evenk language is one of the Manchu-Tungus languages . It is used by the Evenk (Evenki) in many parts of Siberia , some regions of Mongolia and the northeast of the People's Republic of China spoken.
classification
Tungus is Evenk in the narrower sense. Evenk has many regional variants.
In terms of its grammatical structure, it is a strongly agglutinating language , ie a lot of information that takes the form of independent words or even parts of sentences in other languages is conveyed here using prefixes and suffixes.
The best-known Evenk word in German is shaman .
Language history
Influences of historical forms of Evenk language of the in the last five centuries certain peculiarities Turkic belonging Yakut and Dolganischen coined.
Todays situation
The distribution area is larger than Europe. However, the Evenks are in a minority in many places, so that at least half use other languages in everyday life and the Evenk language is therefore considered to be endangered.
In the Russian census of 2002, 35,527 people identified as Evenk , but only 7,580 said they are fluent in Evenki. Most of the Evenks in Russia live in the Krasnoyarsk Krai . Many Evenks in Russia now mainly speak Russian , Yakut or Buryat .
The most recent Chinese census showed 30,500 Evenks, of which 19,000 spoke the Evenk language and 3,000 could only speak Evenk. Han Chinese is common among the Evenki and Oroqen of China . Most of them live in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang Province .
The number of Evenks in the Mongolian Republic is estimated at 1,000, most of whom live in Selenge Province .
Evenk as a written language
Evenk is traditionally a language without writing. Efforts to spell Evenkish have been and still are as part of state policy on nationalities, especially in the Soviet Union, and in recent times also in the context of Christian missionary activities.
Russia
There has been a standard language for the Evenks of Russia since the late 1920s. Their writing has been based on the Cyrillic script since 1939 :
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
| З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Ӈ ӈ |
| О о | П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ф ф | Х х |
| Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э |
| Ю ю | Я я |
China
In China, either the Mongolian or Latin script is used to write Evenkish . With the latter, the sound meanings of the official Latin orthography for Chinese are based, with the "Q" unfamiliar for Europeans:
| A a / a / |
B b / b / |
C c / ts / |
D d / d / |
E e / ə / |
Ē ē / e / |
FF / f / |
G g / ɡ / |
Ḡ ḡ / ɣ / |
| H h / x. H/ |
II / i / |
J j / dʒ / |
K k / k / |
L l / l / |
M m / m / |
N n / n / |
Ng ng / ŋ /, / ˠ / |
|
|
Ɵ ō / ɔ / |
O o / ʊ / |
P p / p / |
Q q / tʃ / |
R r / r / |
S s / s / |
T t / t / |
||
| U u / u / |
V v / ɵ / |
W w / w / |
X x / ʃ / |
Y y / j / |
Z z / dz / |
literature
- Do • Dθrji (杜 • 道 尔基 You • Dao'erji): Ewengki Nihang bilehu biteḡ / 鄂 汉 词典E Han cidian (Evenki-Chinese dictionary). 海拉尔 Hailar: 内蒙古 文化 出版社Nei Menggu wenhua chubanshe (Inner Mongolia Culture Publishing House ) 1998. ISBN 7-80506-704-X . 4 + 13 + 795 pp.
- You, Fucheng 杜福成 u. Du, Hongbao 杜 宏宝: 鄂温克 语 汉语 对照 词汇Ewenke yu Hanyu duizhao cihui (Comparative Vocabulary Evenk -Chinese). 那 吉 镇 Naji: 阿荣旗 鄂温克 族 研究 会Arong qi Ewenke zu yanjiu hui ( Evenk Research Society of the Arun Banner) 2007. 3 + 192 pp.
- Hesingge (贺 兴 格) u. Qidaltû (其 达拉 图) u. Alta (阿拉塔) u. Nôrbû (诺尔布): Ewenghi Mônggôl Hitad helen u haricagûlûhsan uges un teguburi / 鄂温克 语 蒙汉 对照 词汇Ewenke yu Meng Han duizhao cihui ( Evenk -Mongolian-Chinese comparative vocabulary). 北京 Beijing: 民族 出版社Minzu chubanshe (nationality publisher) 1983. 2 + 6 + 310 pp.
- Hu, Zengyi 胡增益 u. Chaoke 朝 克 (Churk, TO): 鄂温克 语 简 志Ewenke yu jianzhi (Short description of Evenki). 北京 Beijing: 民族 出版社Minzu chubanshe (nationality publisher): 1986. 1 + 2 + 191 pp.
- Tu, Jichang 涂 吉昌 u. Tu, Qianmei 涂 芊 玫: 鄂温克 语 汉语 对照 词汇Ewenke yu Hanyu duizhao cihui (Comparative Vocabulary Evenk -Chinese). 哈尔滨 Harbin: 黑龙江 省 鄂温克 族 研究 会Heilongjiang sheng Evenke to yanjiu hui ( Evenk Research Society of Heilongjiang Province) and 黑龙江 省 民族 研究所Heilongjiang sheng minzu yanjiu suo (Nationality Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province) 1999. 1 + 4 + 269 pp.
