Sherlovaya Gora

Urban-type settlement Sherlovaya Gora Шерловая Гора Federal district far East region Transbaikalia Rajon Borsja Founded 1723 Urban-type settlement since 1938 population 12,489 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Height of the center 720  m Time zone UTC + 9 Telephone code (+7) 30233 Post Code 674607 License Plate 75, 80 OKATO 76 209 554 Geographical location Coordinates 50 ° 32 '  N , 116 ° 18'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 31 '30 "  N , 116 ° 18' 30"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Transbaikalia region

List of large settlements in Russia

Scherlowaja Gora ( Russian Шерловая Гора ) is an urban-type settlement in the Transbaikalia region ( Russia ) with 12,489 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The settlement is located in the mountainous steppes of southern Dauria , on the northern edge of the wide valley formed by the Borsja river north of the Nertscha Mountains , about 380 kilometers southeast of the regional capital Chita . The Charanor salt lake is located south of the village .

The settlement of Scherlowaya Gora belongs to Borsja Rajon , the administrative center of which, the city of Borsja , is about 20 kilometers to the south-east.

Scherlowaja Gora consists of several districts a few kilometers apart: the actual place Scherlowaya Gora at the foot of the eponymous mountain, the north-east of it Scherlowaya 1 (formerly Charanor ) and the settlement at the train station Scherlowaya (Possjolok pri stanzii Scherlowaja) .

history

The founding year is 1723, when the Cossack Ivan Gurkow found precious stones ( topaz and aquamarine ) here . The St. Petersburg Mountain College ordered: "He is to be paid five rubles as a reward for this discovery" . From 1788 the search for gemstones was intensified; since that time the mountains Obwinskaja , Lukawaja and Wyssokaja are summarized as Scherlowaja Gora (from Russian scherl for the mineral Schörl from the tourmaline group and gora for mountain , i.e. Schörlberg ). There was a small mining settlement with the same name. In the 1820s, mining ceased on gem stones.

After the Chinese Eastern Railway , part of the original section of the Trans-Siberian Railway , was built through the area from 1897 and put into operation on this section on October 25, 1901, the mining of beryllium and bismuth ores began on a larger scale , which lasted until 1932. After the discovery of a cassiterite deposit in 1928, however, a new mine for tin ore started operations in 1932 .

Since 1908, the Charanor coal deposit, discovered during the exploration work for the railway construction, has also been used. This underground mining was stopped in 1928 due to fires. In 1957 coal production was resumed in the Kukulbeiski opencast mine ; 1970 in Charanorski, which is still producing today .

In 1938 the place was given urban-type settlement status.

Population development

year	Residents
1939	4,537
1959	12,986
1970	14,628
1979	15,375
1989	17,509
2002	14,623
2010	12,489

Note: census data

Economy and Infrastructure

Scherlowaya Gora is a mining center. In the mountains northwest of the settlement, tin ore is mined in open-cast mines, in the plain northeast of the town in the Charanorski open-cast mine - lignite that is used to generate electricity in the thermal power plant of the same name near Jasnogorsk a few dozen kilometers to the north-west , which belongs to OGK-3 . Since 1956 there has also been a smaller thermal power plant in Scherlowaya Gora itself.

In Scherlowaya Gora there are two stations of the former Chinese Eastern Railway, today the Karymskaya - Sabaikalsk line / Chinese border: Schakhtyorskaya (6517 km from Moscow ; loading station for coal from the Kharanorsky open-cast mine ) and Scherlowaya (6524 km). At the beginning of the 1930s, the latter, at that time still Rasjesd No. 79 ( passing point no. 79 ), starting with a strategic narrow-gauge railway to the Mongolian border near Solovyovsk , which was replaced by a broad-gauge line starting in Borsja between 1939 and 1941 after the experience of the Khalkhin-Gol conflict .

The A166 highway leading to the Chinese border and following the railway line also runs through Scherlowaya Gora .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)