Solovyovsk (Transbaikalia)
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Solovyovsk
Соловьёвск
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Solovyovsk ( Russian Соловьёвск ) is a village in the Transbaikalia region ( Russia ) with 674 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).
geography
The place is located in the dry steppe area of southern Dauria on the border with Mongolia , just under 300 kilometers as the crow flies southeast of the regional capital Chita . The Ulds ( Mongolian Улз гол , Russian Улдза / Uldsa ), which comes from Mongolia and is 428 kilometers long but also only about 15 meters wide near its mouth, runs west of the village, about ten kilometers northwest as its most important tributary into the Barun salt lake -Torei opens. The lake, which is now a basin with no outflow, is 550 km² in size, depending on the water level, and is only separated from the 300 km² large lake Sun-Torei to the east by a narrow spit .
Solovyovsk belongs to Borsja Rajon and is located about 80 kilometers southwest of its administrative center Borsja . The rural community (Selskoje posselenije) Solovyovsk also includes the hamlet of Durbachi, 35 kilometers northeast. Solovyovsk itself consists of two districts about four kilometers apart, the actual village and the settlement at the train station east of it. On the Mongolian side, on the right bank of the Uld, there is the settlement and train station Ereentsaw (Mongolian Эрээнцав ), and on the other side of the river, three kilometers west, the administrative center of the Sum Tschuluunchoroot ( Чулуунхороот ) of the Dornod-Aimag .
history
The place was founded in 1919 by the Cossack Georgi Solovyov, who had joined the red partisan unit of Sergei Laso in the Russian Civil War in 1918 , and was subsequently named after him. The official founding year as an independent village is 1923. In 1928 an agricultural commune was established , which later became a sovkhos (state property).
For strategic military reasons, a 380 kilometer long road was built through the entire southeast of Transbaikalia from the Argun near Nerchinsky Sawod via Borsja to Solovyovsk, today's regional road R430 , from the 1920s . During the escalating Japanese-Soviet border conflict on Chalchin-Gol in 1939 , a 110-kilometer narrow-gauge railway to Solovyovsk was initially built, starting from the passing point (Rasjesd) No. 79 (today Sherlowaya station ) on the railway line between the Trans-Siberian and the Chinese Eastern Railway led down the river Borsja and finally reached the place from the north over the spit between Lake Barun-Torei and Sun-Torei. In the further course of the conflict it became clear that the narrow-gauge line in particular was insufficiently dimensioned, and therefore a 324-kilometer broad-gauge line was re-routed within just 76 days and now built from Borsja via Solovyovsk to the Mongolian Bayan Tumen (today Choibalsan) . When the line was officially opened on November 7, 1939, the conflict was settled for the time being, but the line represented the first connection of the then Mongolian People's Republic to the international rail network and was later also used when the Soviet Union entered the war against Japan Used by the Red Army in 1945 .
In the following decades, Solovyovsk developed primarily due to its location at the rail border crossing to Mongolia, which was mainly used for freight traffic. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the associated restriction of economic relations with Mongolia, the volume of goods fell dramatically in the 1990s.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1989 | 982 |
| 2002 | 790 |
| 2010 | 674 |
Note : census data
Culture and sights
The most important sights of the area are the nearby Torei Lakes, since 1994 " wetland of international importance" according to the Ramsar Convention and since 1997 a biosphere reserve . 42,467 hectares of the lakes and their shoreline zones have been under nature protection since 1987 as by far the largest part of the Daurian Sapowednik . The area has been a candidate for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2005 .
Economy and Infrastructure
The main economic factor is the location on the Borsja - Choibalsan railway line operated by the Transbaikal Railway to the border (route km 84) and the R430 regional road from Ivanovka via Nerchinsky Sawod, Alexandrowski Sawod and Borsja (where it connects to the A166 Chita - People's Republic of China ) via a road border crossing to Mongolia. The railways and roads are mainly used for regional freight traffic between Russia and the eastern part of Mongolia.
In addition, agriculture is done for local needs.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Solovyovsk ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the manual of the Transbaikal Railway (Russian)
- ↑ Solovyovsk in the Encyclopedia of Transbaikaliens (Russian)
- ↑ Ivanovka - Borsya - Solovyovsk Street in the Transbaikaliens Encyclopedia (Russian)
- ^ Station Scherlowaja ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the manual of the Transbaikal Railway (Russian)
- ↑ a b The Road to Mongolia in Gudok, July 3, 2003 (Russian)
- ↑ Daurian Sapovednik in the information and information system Specially Protected Natural Areas of Russia of the Center for Nature Conservation (Russian)
- ↑ Torei-Seen ( Memento of the original from April 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the Wetlands of Russia website (in Russian)
- ↑ Daurian steppes / Torei lakes on the UNESCO World Heritage website (English, French)
