Sovchos
A state farm ( Russian : совхоз, сов етское хоз яйство (state farm. Sowjetskoje Chosjaistwo ), Soviet economy; also: the state farms ) was in the Soviet Union , a large agricultural operation.
history
In contrast to the collectively farmed kolkhozes , a sovkhoz was a state-owned (large) farm with employed wage workers. They were originally formed from state and private agricultural goods since 1919 to demonstrate the benefits of the communal economy to farmers. Later they were mostly specialized companies that delivered seeds and breeding cattle to the collective farms. Sovkhozes were also often set up in naturally disadvantaged areas where the risk of harvesting was quite high. As a rule, employees received fixed monthly wages. From mid-1950 the number of employees increased considerably. In the 1970s the sovkhozs produced nearly fifty percent of the total agricultural production of the USSR.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union , many sovkhozes (and kolkhozes) collapsed or were dissolved because they were economically unprofitable and because the young population fled to the cities. What remained were cultural ruins and fallow land on a large scale.
In the GDR , the people's own goods (VEG) were farms comparable to the sovkhozs. The agricultural production cooperatives (LPG) were comparable to the collective farms .
literature
- Michail Gorbatschow : Memories , Siedler-Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-88680-524-7 .
