Ulan-Ude
city
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List of cities in Russia |
Ulan-Ude ( Russian Улан-Удэ ; Buryat Улаан-Үдэ , Ulaan-Ùde ) is the capital of the Russian republic of Buryatia in southeastern Siberia . It has 404,426 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) and is the cultural, political and economic center of the region. The city is internationally known for being a railway hub in the Russian Far East .
geography
location
Ulan-Ude is about 4,400 km east of Moscow , 150 km southeast of Lake Baikal and at about 600 m above sea level. NN at the confluence of the Uda in the Selenga .
City structure
The city is divided into the city districts ( Rajons ):
- Soviet rajon
- Zheleznodorozhny rajon
- Oktyabrsky rajon
climate
The climate is typical of Siberia on the border between semi-arid ( BSk ), monsoon-continental ( Dwb ) and sub-arctic ( Dwc ) with long, icy cold and dry winters and moderately long, very warm and humid summers, although the winter temperatures are less extreme than are further north.
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Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Ulan-Ude
Source: Roshydromet
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economy
Ulan-Ude is a traffic junction at the junction of the Trans-Siberian and Trans-Mongolian railways . The city is the cultural and economic center of Transbaikalia . Urban public transport consists of a tram network as well as bus and marshrutka lines. In addition, the State Aircraft Plant No. 99 is located here. a. also produces the Mil Mi-14 , Mil Mi-8 and the Sukhoi Su-25 .
traffic
The trunk road R258 , which starts in Chita and is a section of the Asian trunk road AH6 , runs through the city. The federally important A340 highway begins in Ulan-Ude . It connects the Republic of Buryatia over 245 kilometers with the border with Mongolia at Kjachta . It is part of the Asian Highway AH3 . The Baikal Airport is the largest in the republic of Buryatia is situated 15 km west of the city.
history
The settlement of Udinskoje (Russian Уди́нское ) was founded in 1666 as a wintering station by Cossacks on the Uda, a tributary of the Selenga, and in 1775 as Verkhneudinsk (Russian Верхнеуди́нск ) was raised to the city. After a major fire in 1878, the city was completely rebuilt. From 1923 to 1992 it was the capital of the Buryat ASSR within the RSFSR , since July 27, 1934 under its current name Ulan-Ude (Buryat for Red Uda ). Today the city is the capital of the autonomous republic of Buryatia within Russia.
Population development
year | Residents |
---|---|
1897 | 8,086 |
1926 | 33,713 |
1939 | 125,690 |
1959 | 175.172 |
1970 | 253,569 |
1979 | 300,370 |
1989 | 352,530 |
2002 | 359.391 |
2010 | 404.426 |
Note: census data
Attractions
Ivolginsky Dazan Buddhist Monastery
Not far from Ulan-Ude, near the village of Ivolginsk , there is a Buddhist monastery ( Iwolginski Dazan ).
Eight kilometers northeast of the city is the Ethnographic Museum of Transbaikaliens , which testifies to the historical presence of various ethnic groups in the region:
- of Russians (62%),
- the Evenks , the native inhabitants of the region,
- the Buryats , a people of Mongolian origin who traditionally profess Vajrayana Buddhism ,
- of the Semeiskije , a religious community of so-called Old Believers , whose culture was included in the list of “ Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity ” by UNESCO in 2001 under the name “The cultural area and the oral culture of the Semeiskije” .
On the south-eastern outskirts of the city is the "Hun city" ( Ivolginsk ring wall settlement ) with the remains of a Xiongnu city from the 3rd – 1st centuries. BC century, one of the largest archaeological sites in the region.
The city is also known for its monumental Lenin monument . With a face height of 7.70 meters and weight around 42 tons, this monument is the largest portrait bust in the world.
In Ulan-Ude there are also several Orthodox church buildings, including the Hodegetria Cathedral (Odigitrijewski sobor).
Further educational institutions
Ulan-Ude is the seat of several universities and colleges.
- Buryat State University (Member of the University of the Arctic )
- Distance Education Department Ulan-Ude of the Irkutsk University of the Interior Ministry of Russia
- Buryat State Agricultural Academy
- Branch of the Novosibirsk State Academy of Economics and Law
- Branch of the Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics
- East Siberian State Academy of Culture and Art
- East Siberian State Technological University
Town twinning
Ulan-Ude lists the following seventeen twin cities :
military
The 11th Air Storm Brigade of the Russian Airborne Forces is stationed in Ulan-Ude .
In the period from February 1959 to June 1959, the first strictly secret training course for the future senior and technical officers of the NVA anti-aircraft missile troops (FRT) , which were to be subordinated to the Air Force and Air Defense Command, was held in Ulan-Ude . The first technology to be introduced was the SA-75 "Dwina" anti-aircraft missile complex. Staff from the Czechoslovak and Polish People's Armies also took part in the course.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Boris Schumjazki (1886–1938), film official
- Gennadi Gor (1907–1981), writer
- Danzig Baldayev (1925-2005), author
- Engelsina Tscheschkowa (1928–2004), Buryat historian and orientalist
- Vladimir Safronov (1934–1979), boxer
- Matwei Burlakow (1935–2011), Colonel General
- Wilikton Barannikow (1938-2007), boxer
- Igor Khmelnov (* 1945), admiral
- Alexander Assejew (* 1946), physicist and university professor
- Yuri Skuratow (* 1952), lawyer and politician
- Pawel Pegow (* 1956), speed skater
- Pawel Jakowlew (* 1958), medium and long-distance runner
- Irina Pantajewa (* 1967), photo model
- Rustam Temirgaliev (* 1976), politician
- Lyubov Wolossowa (* 1982), wrestler
- Vladimir Granat (* 1987), football player
- Dmitri Maslejew (* 1988), pianist, winner of the 2015 Tchaikovsky Competition
Personalities related to the city
- Bair Zybekdorschijew (* 1992), archer
swell
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Article on the busts of Karl Marx in Chemnitz and Lenin in Ulan Ude ( Memento of the original from August 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Зарубежные города-побратимы. Retrieved June 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Города-побратимы. Retrieved August 1, 2020 .
- ↑ Article on the history of the GDR air force / air defense