Nauschki

Urban-type settlement Nauschki Наушки Federal district far East republic Buryatia Rajon Kjachta head Mikhail Guslyakov Urban-type settlement since 1954 population 3409 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Height of the center 600  m Time zone UTC + 8 Telephone code (+7) 30142 Post Code 671820 License Plate 03 OKATO 81 233 555 Geographical location Coordinates 50 ° 23 '  N , 106 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 23 '15 "  N , 106 ° 6' 15"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in Buryatia

Nauschki station

Nauschki ( Russian На́ушки ) is an urban-type settlement in the Republic of Buryatia ( Russia ) with 3409 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The settlement is located south of Lake Baikal on the border with Mongolia , almost 200 kilometers as the crow flies south-southwest of the republic capital Ulan-Ude . On both sides of the wide valley that the largest Baikal inflow Selenga is crossed with a plurality of arms, a predominantly of rises pine forests covered mountain landscape on well 1000  m height. Five kilometers south of Nauschki, on the right (east) of the Selenga, the Burgutui ridge marks the state border, which runs from there to the level of Nauschki, about two kilometers west of the village, in the middle of the main arm of the Selenga and from there swings to the west.

Nauschki belongs to the Kjachta Rajons and is located about 25 kilometers west of its administrative center Kjachta .

history

In place of the current settlement, the border post Uschkinski karaul had existed since the 18th century on the then border between the Russian Empire and the Chinese Empire , which was established with the Treaty of Kjachta in 1727. The name was probably a Russified modification of the Buryat word oschig for loose rock widespread in the area, or it was derived from the word naascha for here, this side (the border). A folk etymological explanation traces the place name back to the fact that merchants dealing with China there "whispered" other ways across the border that are not controlled by the authorities "into the ear" (Russian na uschko ) in order to avoid customs duties . Later the village of Kirillovka was established nearby.

At the end of the 1930s, a railway line was built from Ulan-Ude on the Trans-Siberian Railway up the Selenga towards the then Mongolian People's Republic . The place with the border station, now called Nauschki , was reached in 1939/1940; the route to the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar was completed in 1949 and continued to the People's Republic of China in the 1950s .

A settlement grew around the station that was initially subordinate to the village soviet of the village of Ust-Kjachta , located about 20 kilometers northeast of the Selenga valley , but was spun off and independent on August 14, 1952. On October 4, 1954, urban-type settlement status was given.

Population development

year	Residents
1959	3230
1970	2978
1979	3739
1989	4167
2002	3575
2010	3409

Note : census data

Economy and Infrastructure

The economy of the place is characterized by the location of the place on the Trans-Mongolian Railway and its border crossing to Mongolia. The Nauschki station is 247 kilometers from the Saudinski station in Ulan-Ude, where the single-track, non-electrified line branches off from the Trans-Siberian Railway, and is at 5896 km from Moscow (the Mongolian border station in Süchbaatar is just under 20 kilometers away). In Nauschki there is a depot of the East Siberian Railway , in the village there are various authorities, trading, supply and transport companies as well as a meat processing company.

The 34-kilometer regional road R242 from Kjachta leads to Nauschki, which branches off from the A165 Ulan-Ude - Mongolia (border crossing from Kjachta to Altanbulag ).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Matvej Mel'cheev: Geografičeskie nazvanija Vostočnoj Sibiri . Irkutsk 1995 ( Geographical names of Eastern Siberia ; Russian; entries with N online ).
3. ^ Buryatskaya ASSR. Administrativno-territorial ʹ noe delenie . 4th edition. Buryatskoje knižnoe izdatelʹstvo, Ulan-Ude 1984, p. 20, 29 ( Buryat ASSR . Administrative-territorial structure ; Russian).