Tchaikovsky competition
The International PI Tchaikovsky Competition (after Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , Russian Международный конкурс имени П. И. Чайковского ) is one of the world's most important music competitions , especially in the field of piano and for numerous international prizewinners. Other competition categories are violin , violoncello and singing . The Tchaikovsky Competition has been held since 1958 and takes place every four years in Moscow and since 2011 at the same time in Saint Petersburg .
history
Competition categories
The first competition was held in 1958 for piano and violin. In 1962 the violoncello category was added, and in 1966 the singing division, divided into female and male voices. In 2019, the competition was expanded to include the wind instruments discipline, divided into wood and brass instruments.
Tchaikovsky Competition 1958
The winner of the 1st piano competition in 1958 was the American Van Cliburn . Cliburn prevailed against 47 pianists from 19 countries and received 25,000 rubles of prize money, at that time approx. 26,000 German marks, the gold medal from the hands of the competition chairman Dmitri Shostakovich and a kiss of thanks from Nikita Khrushchev at the award winners' concert . “A kiss from the Soviet President to an American artist - that was of course a sensation in times of the Cold War ” and “marked the beginning” of the cultural “thaw” with “numerous transnational consequences and reinforced the view, among other things, that music knows no national one or political borders ”. Cliburn was honored with a confetti parade on his return home in New York .
Valery Klimov was the winner of the first violin competition , the jury chairman was Dawid Oistrach .
"Olympic Games of Music"
In the years that followed, the competition developed alongside the Chopin Competition in Warsaw to become the most prestigious competition and was referred to as the “Olympic Games of Music” due to its musical standards - despite the occasional suspicion of “favoritism” due to the many Soviet gold medalists.
The winners, chosen by an international jury of top-class musicians, moved into the public eye through global reporting - the starting point for an international career for violists Viktor Tretyakov , Gidon Kremer , Viktoria Mullova , Jennifer Koh , cellists David Geringas , Nathaniel Rosen , Antonio Meneses , the opera singer Jewgeni Nesterenko , the mezzo-soprano Jelena Obraszowa and the soprano Deborah Voigt .
Special attention was paid to the gold medalists in the piano division, "for whom victory opened the doors to the concert halls of the world" - especially for the Soviet pianists Vladimir Aschkenasi , Grigori Sokolow , Andrei Gavrilow , Mikhail Pletnjow , Boris Berezovsky but also for John Ogdon , John Lill and Barry Douglas . The importance of winning gold medals from a musician's point of view was explained by a participant at the beginning of the piano competition in 1990 in the documentary The IX International Tchaikovsky Competition : "One of us will be a world-famous pianist in two weeks".
Gradual loss of importance from 1990
The 1990 competition took place under difficult conditions; due to a lack of financial resources, there were not enough translators and supply facilities available for the competition participants. Due to a generalized musicians' strike in Moscow, no qualified orchestras could be called up to provide musical accompaniment for the competition participants. In addition, bribery attempts by the jurors and taking advantage became public after the competition.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the competition was continued by the Russian Federation under the care of the Russian Ministry of Culture. In 1994, the jury, consisting of former winners of the competition in the piano, violin and violoncello categories, did not award any first prizes on the grounds that the participants overall did not have the level of former candidates. In 1998 the piano jury was openly suspected of corruption, as four students from a juror and Moscow Conservatory professor were elected to the final round of the competition.
“Mismanagement, insufficient funding and very questionable jury decisions” led to a loss of reputation and made the competition “disappear from the perspective of the international music public”. As a result, Norman Lebrecht remarked in 2002: “The most important thing about the Tchaikovsky Competition in 2002 was the astonishing loss of importance”.
The 2006 competition was postponed to 2007 due to the World Cup taking place at the same time. By changing the evaluation system and involving several international jurors, the organizer tried to counter the reputation that had been impaired over the years.
Reforms from 2011
The Tchaikovsky Competition has been under the patronage of Valery Gergiev since 2011 . Gergiev started with the mandate to restore the prestige of the competition through more transparency and also to promote the careers of the prize winners through concert offers. He engaged an international jury of high-class musicians and recruited Richard Rodzinski as general manager. Rodzinski, former director of the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition , changed the scoring system and reformed the terms of the competition. Since 2015, all award winners have had the opportunity to be represented by the artist agencies Opus3 and Intermusica for three years.
In 2011, the Tchaikovsky Competition, in which 122 musicians from 29 countries took part, took place simultaneously in Moscow and Saint Petersburg for the first time and was made available to the general public via live broadcast on the Internet. “More than ten million people in 179 countries worldwide followed the Webcast “for the 2015 competition.
The 2019 competition was expanded to include woodwind and brass instruments. 228 participants from 36 countries were selected from a total of 954 applicants from 58 nations. There were 25 candidates in the piano division, 23 in the violin competition and 25 musicians in the cello competition. In the singing category there were 30 participants by gender, 48 in the woodwind competitions and 47 in the brass music competitions. In the piano, violin and violoncello category, the division of the second round, which was introduced in 2011, was canceled in order to shorten the duration of the competition to a total of 14 days. In contrast to the two previous competitions, the jury composition of the sections remained constant throughout the entire duration. All competition performances were available to the public via live webcast, which was viewed by 15 million viewers from around 200 countries.
German award winners
The first German prize winner of the piano competition was the Dresden pianist Peter Rösel in 1966 with a sixth place and in 2007 Benjamin Moser achieved fifth place. Georg Faust won the bronze medal in the violoncello category in 1982 and Kerstin Feltz took seventh place in 1986. In 1990, Gustav Rivinius from Saarland was awarded the gold medal, while Guido Schiefen took fifth place. The silver medal went to Johannes Moser in 2002 , Claudius Popp was third and Danjulo Ishizaka was fourth, and in 2011 Norbert Anger was also fourth. In the violin category, Latica Honda-Rosenberg was awarded the silver medal in 1998, Nicolas Koeckert took fifth place in 2002, Yuki Manuela Janke received the silver medal in 2007 and Clara-Jumi Kang was fourth in 2015 . The oboist Juri Vallentin took sixth place in the woodwind instrument competition held for the first time in 2019.
Application, regulations, prices and venues
Instrumentalists between 16 and 32 years of age are admitted, the minimum age for the singing category is 19 years. The application for the Tchaikovsky competition is made by submitting a sound carrier with a 50-minute musical contribution for instrumentalists and a 20-minute contribution for singers. A committee then invites candidates to a selection process on site, through which the competition participants are ultimately determined. The competition leads over three rounds in all disciplines, the performances are assessed by an international jury made up of recognized musicians and music teachers from the individual disciplines.
The winners of the Tchaikovsky competition are all candidates who reach the final round with the six rating levels in the piano, violin and cello category, the eight ranks of the woodwind and brass competition or the four prize ranks of the singing competition. The winner in each category receives a gold medal, followed by silver and bronze medals and awards - called diplomas.
An overall winner can be determined from the gold medalists in the various categories if the Grand Prix has achieved an outstanding performance in the history of the competition. The medal and award ranks are endowed with prize money. The winner of the Grand Prix receives the highest award.
Prize money 2019 | 1st place / gold medal | 2nd place / silver medal | 3rd place / bronze medal | 4th place / diploma | 5th place / diploma | 6th place / diploma | 7th place / diploma | 8th place / diploma | Grand Prix |
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U.S. dollar | 30,000 | 20,000 | 10,000 | 5,000 | 4,000 | 3,000 | 2,500 | 2,000 | 100,000 |
Starting in 2019, the $ 15,000 Dmitri Chworostowski Memorial Prize will also be awarded in the Singing Section .
The competition takes place in Saint Petersburg in the categories cello, voice, for the woodwind instruments flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon and the brass instruments horn, trumpet, trombone and tuba. The piano and violin competition will be held in Moscow. The venues in Moscow are the Rachmaninov Concert Hall and the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory, the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall and the Zaryadye Concert Hall . In Saint Petersburg, the competition takes place in the Mariinsky Theater, the Imperial Court Chapel, in the Large and Small Concert Halls of the Philharmonic and in the Repino Concert Hall.
The venue for the laureates' concert, which is usually reserved for medalists, was the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory until 2015 and has been the Zaryadye Concert Hall since 2019. Since 2011 there has also been a winners' concert in the Mariinsky Theater in Saint Petersburg.
Award winners
piano
year | 1st prize / gold medal | 2nd prize / silver medal | 3rd prize / bronze medal | other award winners (selection) | Remarks |
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1958 |
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8 rating levels with 9 award winners |
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1962 |
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8 rating levels with 9 award winners; Ranks 7 & 8 not assigned |
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1966 |
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8 rating levels with 10 winners ; 8th rank not awarded |
1970 |
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6 rating levels with 7 award winners; Rank 6 not awarded |
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1974 |
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6 rating levels with 9 award winners |
1978 |
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6 rating levels with 9 award winners |
1982 | not forgiven |
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8 rating levels with 10 award winners; Ranks 1 & 8 not assigned |
1986 |
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8 rating levels with 12 award winners |
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1990 |
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6 rating levels with 8 award winners; Ranks 5 & 6 not assigned |
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1994 | not forgiven |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners; Ranks 1 & 6 not assigned |
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1998 |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners |
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2002 |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners; Ranks 4 & 6 not assigned |
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2007 | not forgiven |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners 1st place not awarded |
2011 |
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6 rating levels with 5 award winners; Rank 6 not awarded |
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2015 |
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6 rating levels with 6 winners, ranks 5 & 6 not awarded |
2019 |
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6 rating levels with 7 winners, ranks 5 & 6 not awarded |
- In 2015, Lucas Debargue was fourth for the first time that a non-medalist took part in the award-winning concerts at the invitation of the jury chairman.
- In 2019, Tianxu An also received "the honorary award for" Serenity and Courage "", as in the last round, contrary to his specifications, he presented the rhapsody on a theme by Paganini by Rachmaninov instead of Tchaikovsky's 1st piano concerto as the first piece of his final competition performance with the State Academic Russian Symphony Orchestra " Yevgeny Svetlanov " under the direction of Vasily Petrenko .
List of jurors of the Tchaikovsky competitions piano
violin
year | 1st prize / gold medal | 2nd prize / silver medal | 3rd prize / bronze medal | other award winners (selection) | Remarks |
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1958 |
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8 rating levels with 8 award winners; |
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1962 |
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8 rating levels with 10 award winners; Rank 8 not awarded |
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1966 |
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8 rating levels with 10 award winners; Rank 7 not awarded |
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1970 |
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8 rating levels with 8 award winners; Ranks 7 & 8 not assigned |
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1974 | not forgiven |
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8 rating levels with 9 award winners; Rank 8 not awarded |
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1978 |
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8 rating levels with 9 award winners; Ranks 6, 7 & 8 not assigned |
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1982 |
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8 rating levels with 7 winners; Ranks 5, 7 & 8 not assigned |
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1986 |
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8 rating levels with 9 award winners; Rank 5 not awarded |
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1990 |
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8 rating levels with 9 award winners; Rank 8 not awarded |
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1994 | not forgiven |
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6 rating levels with 8 award winners; Rank 1 not awarded |
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1998 |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners |
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2002 | not forgiven |
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6 rating levels with 7 winners |
2007 |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners |
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2011 | not forgiven |
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6 rating levels with 5 award winners; Ranks 1 & 6 not assigned |
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2015 | not forgiven |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners ranks 1 & 6 not awarded |
2019 |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners, 5th place not awarded |
violoncello
year | 1st prize / gold medal | 2nd prize / silver medal | 3rd prize / bronze medal | other award winners (selection) | Remarks |
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1962 |
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6 rating levels with 8 award winners |
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1966 |
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6 rating levels with 8 award winners |
1970 |
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6 rating levels with 7 winners |
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1974 |
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8 rating levels with 8 award winners; Ranks 5 & 7 not assigned |
1978 |
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8 rating levels with 8 award winners; Ranks 7 & 8 not assigned |
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1982 |
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8 rating levels with 8 award winners |
1986 |
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8 rating levels with 13 award winners; Rank 6 not awarded |
1990 |
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8 rating levels with 11 award winners; Rank 8 not awarded |
1994 | not forgiven | not forgiven | not forgiven |
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6 rating levels with 3 award winners; Ranks 1, 2, 3 & 5 not assigned |
1998 |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners; Rank 5 not awarded |
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2002 | not forgiven |
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6 rating levels with 7 award winners; Rank 1 not awarded |
2007 |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners |
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2011 |
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6 rating levels with 5 award winners; Rank 6 not awarded |
2015 |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners |
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2019 |
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6 rating levels with 6 award winners |
singing
Woodwind instruments
year | 1st prize / gold medal | 2nd prize / silver medal | 3rd prize / bronze medal | other award winners | Remarks |
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2019 |
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8 rating levels with 8 award winners |
Brass instruments
year | 1st prize / gold medal | 2nd prize / silver medal | 3rd prize / bronze medal | other award winners | Remarks |
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2019 |
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8 rating levels with 9 award winners |
Repertoire of competitions
piano
The piano competition consists of three rounds for which different repertoire is given. For each round there is the possibility to choose from several works:
Round I (40–50 minutes)
- a prelude with associated fugue from the Well-Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian Bach
- a sonata from a Viennese classic ( Joseph Haydn , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Ludwig van Beethoven or Muzio Clementi )
- one or more works by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- an etude each by Sergei Wassiljewitsch Rachmaninow , Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt
Round II, Stage I (50-60 minutes)
- one or more works by one or more Russian composers ( M. Balakirew , A. Glasunow , N. Medtner , M. Mussorgski , N. Mjaskowski , S. Prokofjew , S. Rachmaninow , A. Scriabin , R. Shchedrin , D. Shostakovich , I. Stravinsky , P. Tchaikovsky )
Final (Unlimited)
- two piano concertos with orchestra, one by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and one of your choice
violin
The piano competition consists of three rounds for which different repertoire is given. The second round must contain a work by a Russian composer.
Round I (40–50 minutes)
- the Adagio and the Fugue from Sonata III in C major BWV 1005 or the Partita II in D minor BWV 1004 by Johann Sebastian Bach
- Capriccio No. 24 from the 24 Capricci Op. 1 and another from Op. 1 by Niccolò Paganini
- Valse-Scherzo in C major op.34 without orchestra by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- other pieces of your choice
Round II (50-60 minutes)
- Sonata chosen by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms , Edvard Grieg , César Franck , Claude Debussy , Maurice Ravel , Richard Strauss , Béla Bartók , Sergei Prokofjew, Dmitri Schostakowitsch or Bohuslav Martinů
- a virtuoso piece of your choice
- a work by Fritz Kreisler or the Melancholy Serenade op. 26 with orchestra by Pyotr Tchaikovsky or a romance by Sergei Rachmaninow
Final (Unlimited)
- two violin concertos
- the violin concerto in D major op. 35 by Pyotr Tchaikovsky
- either the Violin Concerto No. 3, No. 4 or No. 5 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
violoncello
The competition consists of three rounds for which different repertoire is given.
Round I (40–50 minutes)
- a prelude and a saraband from suites 3, 4, 5 or 6 for violoncello by Johann Sebastian Bach
- Pezzo capriccioso in B minor op.62 by Pyotr Tchaikovsky (without orchestra)
- a Caprice from the 12 Capricci op.25 by Alfredo Piatti (without No. 1)
- a composition of your own choice
Round II (50-60 minutes)
- a sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Johannes Brahms or Bohuslav Martinů
- Compositions of your own choice
Final (Unlimited)
- Orchestral concert Rococo Variations in A major op.33 by Pyotr Tchaikovsky
- a cello concert of your choice
Films (selection)
- The IX International Tchaikovsky Competition . Documentary (1990), 126 min., Director: Bill Fertik, production: Robert Dalrymple Productions and KCET. First broadcast on December 25, 1990 on Public Broadcasting Service .
Web links
- Official website Tchaikovsky Competition 2019
- Official YouTube channel of the XV International Tchaikovsky competition with historical film documents
- Photo gallery: Prize-winners of the Tchaikovsky Competition
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cliburn, in another country. Der Spiegel , June 3, 1059, accessed November 8, 2018 .
- ↑ Westermannsmonthshefte , year 1966, volume I with issue 1 - 6, George Westermann- Verlag, Braunschweig.
- ↑ Joachim Kaiser : Let's talk about music. A small classic customer . Siedler Verlag , 2012, p. 176 ( full text in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Anastassia Boutsko: Away from romanticism towards modernity. Deutschlandfunk , July 2, 2011, accessed on November 8, 2018 .
- ^ Iriye Akira and Jürgen Osterhammel (eds.): History of the world 1945 to today: The globalized world . Verlag CHBeck , 2013, p. 955 ( full text in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Jeffrey Brown: Van Cliburn Reflects on 1958 Tchaikovsky Competition. PBS NewsHour, April 11, 2008, accessed July 7, 2015 .
- ↑ Irina Muravjewa : Конкурс Чайковского: с чего все начиналось (Tchaikovsky Competition: How It All Began). Rossijskaja gaseta , June 22, 2019, accessed June 22, 2019 (in Russian).
- ^ John J. O'Connor : Moscow's Musical Competition. The New York Times , December 3, 1986, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ^ A b International Tchaikovsky Competition. Return of the Tchaik. Rhinegold Publishing, December 3, 2014, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Lisa McCormick: Performing Civility: International Competitions in Classical Music (Cambridge Cultural Social Studies) . Cambridge University Press , 2015, pp. 299 ( full text in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Eva Blaskewitz: Tchaikovsky Competition. KlassikInfo.de, accessed on November 9, 2018 .
- ↑ Allan Kozinn : Review / Television; Backstage at the Tchaikovsky Music Competition. The New York Times , December 25, 1990, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Alessandra Stanley: Musical Tradition of Acrimony. The New York Times , July 2, 1994, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ^ Raymond Stults: Scandal at Tchaikovsky. The Moscow Times , July 4, 1998, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Eva Blaskewitz: Relaunch of a celebrity. And rising: impressions from the 14th International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow and St. Petersburg. (No longer available online.) KlassikInfo.de, archived from the original on July 8, 2015 ; Retrieved July 7, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Norman Lebrecht : Where has the competition gone? La Scena Musicale , July 3, 2002, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ^ Matthew Westphal: Moscow's Tchaikovsky Competition Concludes with No Gold Medal for Piano; Houston Grand Opera Studio Member Takes Vocal Honors. Playbill , July 2, 2007, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ^ Tom Service: Everything to play for at the Tchaikovsky competition. The Guardian , September 20, 2011, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ^ Hazel Davis: All change at the International Tchaikovsky Competition. Rhinegold, February 12, 2015, accessed November 11, 2018 .
- ↑ a b PM and KIZ: XIV. International Tchaikovsky Competition with 122 musicians from 29 countries. Neue Musikzeitung , March 15, 2011, accessed November 8, 2018 .
- ↑ Eleonore Büning : He is tsar, his will be done. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , July 9, 2011, accessed on December 16, 2015 .
- ↑ Irina Muravjowa: Tchaikovsky Competition: Music at the highest level. In: Russia Beyond the Headlines . Rossijskaja gaseta , July 3, 2015, accessed November 16, 2018 .
- ↑ a b BWW News Desk: The Contestants Of The First Round Of The XVI International Tchaikovsky Competition Announced. Broadway World, May 21, 2019, accessed June 18, 2019 .
- ↑ Anastassia Boutsko, Raoul Mörchen: Tchaikovsky Competition “The figurehead of Russian culture”. Deutschlandfunk , July 1, 2020, accessed on July 2, 2019 .
- ^ The 16th International Tchaikovsky Competition announces the results. Gramophone , June 28, 2019, accessed July 3, 2019 .
-
^ The International Tchaikovsky Competition: Battle of the Keys. In: YouTube . RT Documentary , September 21, 2015, accessed November 8, 2018 .
- ↑ Tatjana Rexroth: The Tchaikovsky Competition: If the orchestra plays another piece, the pianist has to react quickly. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , July 5, 2019, accessed on July 6, 2019 .
- ↑ Chris O'Reilly: Alexandre Kantorow wins at the 16th International Tchaikovsky Competition. Presto Classical, June 28, 2019, accessed July 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Henk Henken: TV Review: 'Tchaikovsky': Vivid Human Drama. Los Angeles Times , December 25, 1990, accessed November 11, 2018 .