Barnaul

city Barnaul Барнаул flag coat of arms Federal district Siberia region Altai Urban district Barnaul mayor Sergei Dugin Founded 1730 City since 1771 surface 321  km² population 612,401 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1908 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 180  m Time zone UTC + 7 Telephone code (+7) 3852 Post Code 656000-656999 License Plate 22nd OKATO 01 401 Website www.barnaul.org Geographical location Coordinates 53 ° 20 '  N , 83 ° 46'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 20 '16 "  N , 83 ° 46' 26"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Altai region

List of cities in Russia

Barnaul ( Russian Барнау́л ) is the capital of the Russian region Altai in the south of Western Siberia with 612,401 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

Geography and administration

The city is located 200 km southeast of Novosibirsk and 280 km from the border with Kazakhstan . It is located on the West Siberian main river Ob on the eastern edge of the Barabasteppe in a sandy area.

The city of Barnaul is the administrative center and largest city of the Altai region , which surrendered around a third of its territory when the Altai Republic split off with the capital Gorno-Altaisk .

Sergei Dugin , who was re-elected in December 2017, has been mayor since 2015 .

climate

Barnaul has a continental climate with very cold winters and warm summers.

Barnaul
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     28   -11 -20     18th   -10 -20     17th   -2 -12     25th   9 -2     40   19th 6th     44   25th 12     64   26th 14th     43   23 11     28   18th 6th     44   8th -1     28   -3 -11     24   -10 -18 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Roshydromet

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Barnaul Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −11.1 −9.5 −1.8 8.9 18.9 24.5 26.2 23.3 17.7 7.7 −2.7 −9.5 O 7.8 Min. Temperature (° C) −20.3 −19.9 −12.3 −1.7 5.8 11.7 14.1 11.3 5.7 −1.3 −10.7 −18.3 O −2.9 Precipitation ( mm ) 28 18th 17th 25th 40 44 64 43 28 44 28 24 Σ 403 Rainy days ( d ) 7th 6th 5 6th 8th 7th 8th 8th 6th 10 9 8th Σ 88 Source: Roshydromet

history

The copper melt around 1850 - origin from Barnaul

Barnaul is one of the oldest cities in Western Siberia. It was founded as a Cossack fort in 1730 and has been a town since 1771. Until 1867 it was the second official mining town in Russia alongside Yekaterinburg .

From 1727 criminals and political prisoners were exiled to Siberia , whereupon the population increased rapidly and a lot of cheap labor became available. For this reason, the industrial dynasty Demidow ( Akinfi Demidow , 1678-1745) built a copper smelter in 1730 at the mouth of the Barnaulka in the Ob , around which a town developed. The copper smelter was located near the river, which made it easier for the machines to be transported and the copper to be removed. In addition, the proximity to the forest, and thus to the fuel wood, was ideal. The long transport routes from the copper mines to the copper smelters for further processing have been shortened considerably and costs have been reduced. Thus the first industrial center of Siberia was created.

Barnaul around 1885

A few years later, silver ores were found in the Altai. The first silver smelter and forge was set up in Barnaul. They existed from 1744 to 1893. During this period, about 7.4 tons of silver were mined per year, the entire region mined 90% of the silver in all of Russia. On May 1, 1747, Tsarina Elisabeth Petrovna issued a decree expropriating Barnaul's industry and took over the city as the center of silver in state hands.

Demidow Square

Café Imperator

In 1753 a small mining school was founded in Barnaul, the completion of which entitles to attend the higher mining college in Saint Petersburg . This amalgamation of training and place of work led to the further growth of the city.

From 1771 Barnaul was the second official mining town in Russia, the associated privileges , such as B. the right to own money , strongly influenced the development of the city, which was characterized by extensive industrial settlement. In 1779 a higher technical college for mining, as it existed in St. Petersburg, was founded as a logical further development.

In 1823 Friedrich August von Gebler founded the "Natural History Museum" in Barnaul. The first meteorological observatory in Siberia was built in Barnaul in 1838.

In subsequent years, the border trade gained with Mongolia after 1902 completed expansion of Tschujska tract as a navigable trade route along the ridge of the Altai Mountains in Barnaul more and more importance and was an important trading branch. The connection to the railway network in 1915 was the opening for Barnaul to larger areas of influence and trade in Siberia. However, the Trans-Siberian Railway runs 200 kilometers north in Novosibirsk .

In 1917 there was a major fire in Barnaul, which destroyed large parts of the city. In the course of the reconstruction, Barnaul was redesigned according to the principle of the garden city , which clearly shapes the current character of the city.

As part of industrialization during the Stalinist era , the Trans-Siberian Railway was further expanded with the commissioning of the Turksib in 1934, which made Barnaul an important transport hub in the region.

Population development

Panorama of Barnaul (2007)

year	Residents
1835	9,100
1860	11,600
1879	13,529
1897	21,073
1916	71,200
1939	148.162
1959	305.046
1970	439.134
1979	533.263
1989	601.811
2002	600,749
2010	612.401
2012	621,669

Note : 1897 and since 1939 census data

Culture and sights

Russian-German house in Barnaul

The cultural life in Barnaul takes place mainly in theaters, of which there are five in Barnaul, and in the local Philharmonic . The city's three museums complement the cultural houses or centers typical of Russia, of which Barnaul can boast twelve.

Many Russian Germans live in Barnaul . Therefore, with German help, a Russian-German house was built in Barnaul that functions as a cultural center. The Goethe-Institut also operates a language learning center in Barnaul that offers German courses.

The Altai region in the Halbstadt (Russian Galbschtadt) and Slavgorod districts is one of the important settlement areas of the Russian Germans, whose history goes back to the deportation of Germans from all over western Russia to the region around Barnaul on Stalin's orders, as well as to the settlement policy of Catherine the Great who recruited people from Germany at the time of their reign . 69,000 people of German descent live there today (as of 2004). In 1991 an "Autonomous District of the Germans" ( Russian Nemezki nazionalny rajon ) with the administrative center Halbstadt ( Russian Galbschtadt ) was set up for them.

Worth mentioning are the large sports stadiums, swimming pools and especially the “Ob” sports complex, where major sporting events regularly take place.

economy

Monument Magasin Krasny (2007)

More than 100 industrial companies employ around 120,000 people in Barnaul, making the city the industrial center of the region. Products such as diesel, tires, metalworking machines (melting furnaces, lathes, ...), synthetic fibers , steam boilers, technical carbon , drilling machines, ammunition , woolen clothing, furniture, shoes, diamonds, etc. are manufactured or processed here.

education

There are currently more than 1,200,000 books in the 30 libraries, although Barnaul cannot be counted among the educational centers of the size of Novosibirsk . Nevertheless, Barnaul is definitely the center for education in its region with more than 10 further education institutions (universities, adult education centers etc.) with around 22,000 students.

Colleges

Lenin Prospect

• Altai Region State Medical University
• State Pedagogical University of the Altai Region
• I.-I. Polsunov State Technical University of the Altai Region
• State University of Agricultural Sciences of the Altai Region
• State University of the Altai Region
• State Institute of Culture of the Altai Region
• Altai Academy of Economics and Law
• Barnaul Institute of Law of the Ministry of Interior of Russia
• Economic and Legal Institute of the Altai
• Branch of the All-Russian Remote Institute of Finance and Economics
• Branch of the Russian Remote Textile and Light Industry Institute

• 

  I.-I. Polsunov Technical University of the Altai Region

• 

  University of Agricultural Sciences of the Altai Region

• 

  Institute of Culture of the Altai Region

Sports

In football, the city is represented by the Dynamo Barnaul club . The city is also home to the Altai Barnaul ice hockey team , which replaces Motor Barnaul , which was dissolved in 2006 .

Town twinning

Barnaul lists the following twin cities :

• Flagstaff , United States
• Zaragoza , Spain
• Baicheng in Jilin , People's Republic of China, since 1992
• Changji in Xinjiang , People's Republic of China, since 2006
• Öskemen , Kazakhstan, since 2012

sons and daughters of the town

• Ivan I. Polsunow (1728–1766), Russian inventor, invented the world's first two-cylinder engine
• Leonid Potapow (1905–2000), ethnologist and historian
• Vera von Schalburg (1907–1946), German agent
• Rita Streich (1920–1987), German singer
• Boris Kulagin (1924–1988), ice hockey player and coach
• Tatjana Talyschewa (* 1937), long jumper and hurdler
• Aghybaj Smaghulow (* 1956), Kazakh diplomat
• Vladimir Shamanov (* 1957), officer
• Eugenijus Ališanka (* 1960), Lithuanian poet, translator and essayist
• Vladimir Popov (* 1962), wrestler, world champion and European champion
• Konstantin Scherbakov (* 1963), pianist
• Julia Neigel (* 1966), German singer, songwriter and music producer
• Jelena Schalina (* 1969), cross-country skier and biathlete
• Alexei Smertin (* 1975), soccer player and politician
• Witali Denissow (* 1976), cross-country skier
• Mikhail Jakubow (* 1982), ice hockey player
• Alexei Jakimenko (* 1983), saber fencer
• Alexei Pepeljajew (* 1984), ice hockey player
• Wiktor Drugow (* 1986), ice hockey player
• Andrei Gretschin (* 1987), swimmer
• Artemi Lakisa (* 1987), ice hockey player
• Denis Kurepanov (* 1988), ice hockey player
• Ivan Vishnevsky (* 1988), ice hockey player
• Jelena Arshakova (* 1989), middle-distance runner
• Alexander Jerochin (* 1989), football player
• Andrei Kolesnikow (* 1989), ice hockey player
• Alexei Tscherepanow (1989–2008), ice hockey player, trained in Barnaul
• Sergei Schubenkow (* 1990), athlete
• Eduard Popp (* 1991), German wrestler
• Alexander Shirov (* 1991), football player
• Yegor Petuchow (* 1994), Russian-Kazakh ice hockey player
• Maxim Simin (* 1994), racing driver
• Viktor Muschtakow (* 1996), speed skater
• Alexander Sobolev (born 1997), football player
• Polina Miller (* 2000), athlete
• Andrei Swetschnikow (* 2000), ice hockey player

Web links

Commons : Barnaul  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Barnaul - the capital of Altai region. In: Website of the Altai region. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018 ; accessed on July 20, 2018 . 
• barnaul.org - Website of the city of Barnaul (Russian)
• Konstantin Metelnitskij (Константин Метельницкий): Покровский кафедральный собор. Russian Orthodox Metropolitan Altai (Алтайская митрополия Русской Православной Церкви), October 14, 2016 (Russian, page on Pokrovsky Cathedral). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ^ Central Administrative Board of Social Welfare and Overcoming the Effects of Nuclear Tests at Semipalatinsk of Altai Region. In: Website of the Altai region. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018 ; accessed on July 20, 2018 . The mayor of Barnaul, the newly elected United Russia Sergey Dugin. In: freenews-en.tk. December 4, 2017, accessed July 20, 2018 .