Okrug
Okrug is in the Russian Federation as well as in Serbia and was a name for an administrative unit in Bulgaria . The term is similar to the German circle both in meaning and in word formation . Literally translated, okrug means encircling.
Serbia
Serbia is divided into a total of 29 okrug . The local authorities are usually translated as district or district .
Russian Federation
In the administrative structure of Russia there are five types of local authorities, the names of which contain the term okrug :
- Federal Districts or General Governments ( федеральные округа , Federalnyje okruga ): they are the highest administrative unit.
- Autonomous counties ( автономные округа , awtonomnyje okruga ): they encompass larger, sparsely populated areas in the north and east of the country with partially indigenous populations , which is why they have an autonomous status; they are one of the types of federation subject
- City districts ( городские округа , gorodskije okruga ): administrative level below the federal subjects on a level with the Rajons ; In contrast to these, they are more urban and mostly consist of larger cities with their surrounding areas and the rural settlements located there; have been introduced gradually during the administrative reform since 2003 and in many cases correspond to the earlier "subject-subordinate cities"; there are currently over 500
- Counties or districts ( сельские округа , selskije okruga ): do not correspond to the counties in German-speaking countries, but rather to rural communities; Administrative level below the rayons or two levels below the federal subjects; this designation is used only in a few federal subjects
- Inner-city administrative units:
- Administrative districts ( административные округа , administrativnyje okruga ) of the first level (above the Rajons) in the capital Moscow (see list of Moscow administrative districts and districts )
- Municipal districts ( муниципальные округа , munizipalnyje okruga ) of the second level (below the Rajons) in Saint Petersburg (see administrative division of the city of Saint Petersburg )
Ukrainian SSR
In the Ukrainian SSR , the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee established the Okrug (ukr .: Okruh) in 1923 as a new, third administrative level after the republic and the governorate inherited from the Tsarist era . In 1925 the governorates were abolished and the okruhas to the second stage. In 1930 the okruhas were abolished and larger oblasts were formed in their place .
Bulgaria
Today's oblasts in Bulgaria were called Okrug from 1959 to 1999 . From 1987 to 1999, several okruge were combined to form oblasts. In 1999 the Okruge was renamed Oblast.