Daurian dwarf hamster
| Daurian dwarf hamster | ||||||||||||
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| Cricetulus barabensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Pallas , 1773) |
The Daurian dwarf hamster or striped mouse hamster ( Cricetulus barabensis ) is a type of hamster (Cricetinae) belonging to the genus of the gray dwarf hamster ( Cricetulus ). It is endemic to East Asia in the central and northeastern People's Republic of China , southern Siberia, and Korea .
features
The Daurian dwarf hamster reaches a head-trunk length of 7.2 to 11.6 centimeters with a weight of about 20 to 35 grams. The tail reaches a length of 1.5 to 2.6 centimeters, the hind foot length is 13 to 19 millimeters and the ear length is 14 to 17 millimeters. The fur on the back is light gray-brown with a pale black stripe along the center line of the back. The ventral side is lighter gray, the hair is white at the tip. The ears are black-gray with a white border.
The skull has a total length of 22 to 28 millimeters with a short snout region and a wide interocular region. He has no pronounced osseous bulges and no crest. The zygomatic arches are thinly spreading. The incisor windows in the upper jaw do not reach the leading edge of the first upper incisor. The tympanic bladder is large. The genome consists of a diploid chromosome set of 2n = 20 to 24 chromosomes.
distribution
The Daurian dwarf hamster is found in East Asia in the central and northeastern People's Republic of China , southern Siberia and neighboring parts of Russia , Korea and Mongolia . In China, the species lives with six subspecies in Heilongjiang , Jilin , Nei Mongol , Liaoning , Hebei , Beijing , Tianjin , Shandong , Henan , Shanxi , Shaanxi and Gansu . In Mongolia, the species is widespread in the entire area with the exception of the extreme west and southwest as well as in the edge area of the Gobi , where the Sokolow dwarf hamster ( Cricetulus sokolovi ) occurs.
Way of life
The Daurian dwarf hamster lives in dry steppe meadows and semi-desert areas, but can also occur in agricultural areas. The animals live on the ground and are particularly active in the first half of the night. They create simple burrows with aisle lengths of about one meter at depths of 10 to 50 centimeters. The burrows have two or three entrances with a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters and consist of four to five branches that lead into a nest covered with grass or into storage rooms. As a rule, four to five, a maximum of eight, individuals live in a burrow. They feed on herbivores mainly of seeds and herbs and create inventories. The overwintering takes place in hibernation until February or March.
The reproductive phase begins in early spring after the end of hibernation with maxima in March to April and in early autumn. The females can have two to five litters with one to ten young animals each, an average of six to seven.
Systematics
The Daurian dwarf hamster is classified as an independent species within the gray dwarf hamster (genus Cricetulus ), which consists of six species. The first scientific description comes from Peter Simon Pallas from 1773, who described the species using an individual from Western Siberia from the banks of the Ob near the village of Kasmalinskii Bor in the Altai .
Within the species, several subspecies are distinguished with the nominate form Cricetulus barabensis barabensis (Pallas, 1773), six of which live in China:
- Cricetulus barabensis fumatus Thomas , 1909
- Cricetulus barabensis griseus ( Milne-Edwards , 1867)
- Cricetulus barabensis manchuricus Mori, 1930
- Cricetulus barabensis obscurus (Milne-Edwards, 1867)
- Cricetulus barabensis pseudogriseus Orlov & Iskhakova, 1975
- Cricetulus barabensis xinganensis Wang, 1980
The Chinese dwarf hamster ( Cricetulus b. Griseus ), which is common as a domestic and laboratory animal, is sometimes listed as a separate species ( Cricetulus griseus ), but is considered to be con-specific with the Daurian dwarf hamster. The Transbaikal dwarf hamster ( Cricetulus b. Pseudogriseus ), which is sometimes viewed as a separate species, is also a subspecies of the Daurian dwarf hamster, according to recent studies. Cricetulus b. obscurus is partially assigned to the Sokolow dwarf hamster ( Cricetulus sokolovi ).
Status, threat and protection
The Daurian dwarf hamster is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) as not endangered (least concern). This is justified by the large distribution area and the frequent occurrence of the species. There are no serious potential risks to the existence of the species. One potential threat comes from the decline in habitat due to overgrazing in parts of the habitat and natural and human-initiated fires.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Andrew T. Smith: Stiped Dwarf Hamster. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , pp. 242-243.
- ↑ a b c d e Cricetulus barabensis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.3. Posted by: N. Batsaikhan, D. Tinnin, S. Shar, D. Avirmed, D. Usukhjargal, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ↑ a b Cricetulus barabensis . In: Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
literature
- Andrew T. Smith: Stiped Dwarf Hamsters. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , pp. 242-243.
Web links
- Cricetulus barabensis inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.3. Posted by: N. Batsaikhan, D. Tinnin, S. Shar, D. Avirmed, D. Usukhjargal, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2017.