Hind foot length

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The rear foot length is a body measurement and describes the length of the rear foot of mammals from the front end of the longest toe to the rear edge of the heel when the foot is stretched. The standard measure is with a caliper , a calipers or a transparent ruler taken. It is usually given without claws (sans unguis) as these may be broken or worn. In North America (including Greenland and up to Panama), however, the hind foot length is generally clawed (cum unguis)determined. Overhanging hair is not measured.

Sufficiently accurate measurement results cannot usually be obtained on living animals. Measurement on freshly dead animals is recommended; measurements during rigor mortis , however, are not recommended. Of the external body measurements, the rear foot length is the most reliable measurement with the least variation. It can even be determined in the case of skins and skins if the very little shrinking foot bones have been left in them. In addition, the hind feet usually have reached their final length before the general body growth is complete.

literature

  • Fritz Dieterlen: Classification, taxonomic features, dimensions and technical terms . In: Monika Braun, Fritz Dieterlen (Hrsg.): Die Säugetiere Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1 . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3282-6 , pp. 299-310 .
  • Martin Görner, Hans Hackethal: Mammals of Europe: Observe and determine . Ferdinand Enke / Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart / Munich 1988, ISBN 3-432-96461-7 (licensed edition).
  • E. Raymond Hall, Keith R. Kelson: The Mammals of North America . The Ronald Press Company, New York 1959.
  • Jonathan Kingdon, David Happold, Michael Hoffmann, Thomas Butynski, Meredith Happold, Jan Kalina (Eds.): Mammals of Africa. Volume I: Introductory Chapters and Afrotheria . Bloomsbury, London a. a. 2013, ISBN 978-1-4081-2251-8 .
  • Joachim Jenrich, Paul-Walter Löhr, Franz Müller: Small mammals: body and skull features. Ecology . Michael Imhof, Fulda 2010, ISBN 978-3-86568-147-8 .
  • Erna Mohr: The free-living rodents in Germany and neighboring countries . 3. Edition. VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena 1954.
  • Jochen Niethammer, Franz Krapp (Hrsg.): Handbook of mammals in Europe. Volume 1: Rodents I . Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden 1978, ISBN 3-400-00458-8 .
  • Matthias Schaefer: Brohmer: Fauna of Germany . 21st edition. Quelle and Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01326-8 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Schaefer, 2002 (p. I)
  2. ↑ Görner and Hackethal, 1988 [1987] (pp. 13-14)
  3. ^ Niethammer and Krapp, 1978 (p. 46)
  4. ^ Hall and Kelson, 1959 (p. 1040)
  5. ↑ a b c Mohr, 1954 (p. 72)
  6. ^ Hall and Kelson, 1959 (Fig. 546, p. 1041)
  7. ↑ Kingdon et al., 2013 (p. 306)
  8. ↑ Kingdon and co-workers, 2013 (p. 297)
  9. ^ Hall and Kelson, 1959 (p. 1041)
  10. ↑ Görner and Hackethal, 1988 [1987] (pp. 12-13)
  11. ↑ Jenrich and coworkers, 2010 (p. 16)
  12. ↑ a b Dieterlen, 2003 (p. 304)