Lusa (river)
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Lusa Luza |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 03020100212103000011696 | |
| location | Kirov Oblast , Komi Republic , Vologda Oblast ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Northern Dvina | |
| Drain over | Youth → Northern Dvina → White Sea | |
| source |
North Russian ridge 59 ° 43 ′ 41 ″ N , 48 ° 32 ′ 3 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 200 m | |
| muzzle |
Jug coordinates: 60 ° 34 ′ 14 " N , 46 ° 27 ′ 3" E 60 ° 34 ′ 14 " N , 46 ° 27 ′ 3" E |
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| Mouth height | 56 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 144 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.25 ‰ | |
| length | 574 km | |
| Catchment area | 18,300 km² | |
| Discharge at the Werchokuze A Eo gauge : 1070 km² Location: 496 km above the mouth |
MNQ 1955/1968 MQ 1955/1968 Mq 1955/1968 MHQ 1955/1968 |
500 l / s 7.4 m³ / s 6.9 l / (s km²) 38.4 m³ / s |
| Discharge at the Objachewo A Eo gauge : 6700 km² Location: 363 km above the mouth |
MNQ 1955/1988 MQ 1955/1988 Mq 1955/1988 MHQ 1955/1988 |
11 m³ / s 58 m³ / s 8.7 l / (s km²) 297 m³ / s |
| Discharge at the Krassawino A Eo gauge : 16,300 km² Location: 99 km above the estuary |
MNQ 1955/1999 MQ 1955/1999 Mq 1955/1999 MHQ 1955/1999 |
30 m³ / s 132 m³ / s 8.1 l / (s km²) 690 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Ula , Scheljug | |
| Right tributaries | Soksja , Lopju , Porub , Lyokhta , Lala | |
| Small towns | Oparino , Lalsk , Lusa | |
| Navigable | 401 km (from Koschul) | |
 Lusa in the southern catchment area of the Northern Dvina |
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The Lusa ( Russian Луза ) is a 574 kilometer long right tributary of the Jug in the northeast of the European part of Russia .
course
The Lusa rises on the northern flank of the northern Russian ridge at an altitude of about 200 m , in the southwest of the autonomous republic of Komi in the immediate vicinity of the border with Kirov Oblast . It flows through the territory of Kirov Oblast for about 40 km in an approximately northward direction, before it turns to the northeast and again reaches the Komi Republic. In the taiga landscape of the south-western Komi Republic, the course of the Lusa river describes a wide arc, first to the north, then to the west. He then maintains this predominant direction up to the estuary, again crossing the Kirov Oblast in the extreme north. The confluence with the Jug, the right headwaters of the Northern Dvina , is already in the Vologda Oblast , 20 km southeast of the city of Veliky Ustjug at an altitude of 56 m .
The main tributaries of the Lusa are Soksja, Lopju, Porub, Lechta and Lala from the right and Ula and Scheljug from the left.
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Lusa covers 18,300 km². Near the mouth, the river is up to 200 meters wide and over 1.5 meters deep; the flow velocity here is 0.4 m / s.
The Lusa freezes between late October and the second half of April to early May. The water flow at Krassawino , 99 kilometers above the estuary, averages 132 m³ / s with a minimum of 30 m³ / s in March and a maximum of 690 m³ / s in May.
Infrastructure and economy
The Lusa is navigable for 401 km from the village of Noschul , and when the water level is high already from Prilusje (476 km, is not considered an inland waterway).
It flows through a generally sparsely populated area. Along the river, however, there are a large number of smaller towns, most of which owe their existence to forestry; Agriculture is also practiced on smaller areas, especially on the middle and lower reaches. The largest towns on the river are the urban-type settlement Oparino on the upper reaches and the former town of Lalsk , founded in 1570 on the lower reaches (at the confluence of the Lala river , now also urban-type) and the small town of Lusa named after the river . A few kilometers below its source, the Lusa is crossed by the Kirow - Kotlas railway line, opened in 1899 , a second and third time in connection with the Oparino and Lusa , which were created or gained importance in connection with the railway construction.
Between Nozhul and Sanulje , the extension of the Vyatka trunk road from Kirov to the capital of the Komi Syktywkar republic follows the course of the river on the right.
For forestry purposes, a number of narrow-gauge railroads with a total length of several hundred kilometers were built from places along the Lusa , such as at Oparino , Weldorja , Waimos , Kalininskaja and Lalsk . Some of the routes were still in operation in 2009, such as Oparino (opened in 1952, 76 km today) and Lalsk (opened 1950, around 100 km today). In the 1930s to 1950s, many Gulag prisoners were deployed in the construction of these routes and in forestry in general , as was the construction of a broad-gauge route from Pinjug (station on the Kirow – Kotlas line) towards Lalsk and, which was abandoned after 45 km and started in 1938 on to Syktywkar (the route was already 40 km southeast of Lalsk as far as the Lusa crossing).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Article Lusa in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b Lusa in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ Lusa at the Werchokuze gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET
- ↑ Lusa at the Objachewo gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
- ↑ a b Lusa at the Krassawino gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET
- ^ List of Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation (confirmed by Order No. 1800 of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2002); on-line
- ↑ route Oparino-Lessorubowski at parovoz.com (Russian, photos)
- ↑ Lalsk – Borovitsa line (Anikinskaya railway) at parovoz.com (Russian, photos)
- ↑ Alexander Solzhenitsyn : The Gulag Archipelago . Part III, Chapter 22