Gryazovets

city Gryazovets Грязовец flag coat of arms Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Vologda Rajon Gryazovets mayor Mikhail Rudakov First mention 1538 City since 1780 surface 14  km² population 15,528 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1109 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 185  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 81755 Post Code 162000-162002 License Plate 35 OKATO 19 224 501 Website gradm.ru Geographical location Coordinates 58 ° 53 '  N , 40 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 58 ° 53 '0 "  N , 40 ° 15' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Vologda Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Grjasowez ( Russian Грязовец ) is a small district town with 15,528 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) in the Vologda Oblast in the north of the European part of Russia .

geography

Grjasowez is located about 450 kilometers northeast of Moscow and 47 km south of the regional capital Vologda on the Rschawka river from the river system of the Volga . The Russian M8 trunk road runs through Gryazovets . The nearest cities are besides Vologda Lyubim (64 km southeast of Gryazovets), Sokol (65 km north) and Kadnikow (68 km north).

history

Grjasowez was first mentioned on June 17, 1538 in a document from the Korniljewo monastery founded in 1497, along with 12 other villages. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the village was known as a comparatively prosperous agricultural and trading center under several different name variants ( Grjasowizki , Grjasliwizy , Grjaszy and others; all of them derived from the Old Russian term grjas for "mud", "swamp") the location on a trade route to Moscow and Siberia .

In 1780 Gryazovets received the title of city, and on October 2 of the same year the city's coat of arms was enshrined in law. In the middle of the 19th century, the city had a population of almost 3,000 and already had its first industrial operations, including mainly paint factories. Agriculture (especially butter and cheese production and linseed cultivation) and the pointed handicraft were also very highly developed . In 1872 the Yaroslavl - Vologda railway line (originally a narrow-gauge line , later converted to broad-gauge) was opened and Grjazowez received a station. This enabled the local trade to develop further.

After the October Revolution in 1917, Gryazovets lost its previous importance for trade, and instead new industrial companies and infrastructure facilities emerged, including the city's first power station in the 1920s.

At the end of 1939, a prisoner-of-war camp was set up in a closed monastery near Grjasowez , which was run by the NKVD secret police . Around 400 Polish officers who had previously been interned in the NKVD special camps in Koselsk , Ostashkow and Starobelsk were deported here in the early summer of 1940 . They were the only survivors of the Katyn massacre and the simultaneous mass executions of Kharkov and Kalinin . Among them was the painter and writer Józef Czapski ; in the camp he wrote an essay on scraps of paper on Marcel Proust , which was published in several languages ​​six decades later.

Since 1942 there was a prisoner of war camp 150 for German prisoners of war of the Second World War in the city .

Population development

year	Residents
1897	3,205
1939	8,124
1959	9.224
1970	11,640
1979	13,782
1989	16,424
2002	16,172
2010	15,528

Note: census data

economy

Gryazovets is still considered a center for the production of butter and other dairy products, with the "Vologda butter" produced here having a good reputation throughout Russia. There are also other food factories and a woodworks in the city. In the vicinity of Grjazowez is an important hub of the energy company Gazprom on the natural gas pipeline to Saint Petersburg .

Personalities

• Ignati Bryanchaninov (1807–1867), Orthodox bishop; born near Gryazovets
• Wassili Obraszow (1849–1920), doctor and internist
• Lev Chugayev (1873-1922), chemist; died in Gryazovets

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Sławomir Cenkiewicz: Długie ramię Moskvy. Wywiad wojskowy Polski Ludowej 1943-1991. Poznań 2011, p. 41.
3. ^ Lectures in the Grjasowez camp , Cicero, July 28, 2009.
4. ↑ Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
5. ↑ * "Werner Pierchalla: POW camp Grjasowjetz extract from the memories" ( Memento of June 23, 2007 in the web archive archive.today )

Web links

Commons : Grjazowez  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official Administration Website (Russian)
• Unofficial website of Gryazovets (Russian)
• Gryazovets on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• History of the prisoner of war camp (German)