Maria Alexandrovna Bolshanina

Marija Alexandrovna Bolschanina ( Russian Мария Александровна Большанина ; born August 9 ^{. Jul} / 21st August  1898 ^greg. In Tomsk ; † 28. March 1984 ibid) was a Russian physicist , materials scientist and university lecturer .

Life

Bolshanina grew up in a middle-class family with four sisters and one brother. In 1915 she graduated from the Tomsk Mariinskaya Girls' High School with a gold medal. She then began studying physics at the University of Tomsk (TGU) , which she graduated with honors after the First World War , the February Revolution in 1917 , the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War, with Tomsk being occupied by the White Army of Admiral Kolchak and the victory of the Red Army in 1922. During her studies she taught at the RabFak of the TGU from 1920 .

In 1922 Bolschanina became a research assistant at the physics chair at the TGU and in 1929 an assistant. From 1925 she was also a research assistant at the Tomsk Technological Institute , from which the Siberian Physics-Technical Institute emerged in 1928 . During the Stalin Purge she was arrested on March 7, 1930 for counterrevolutionary activity, but released on June 9.

In 1931 Bolshanina became a lecturer at the physics department of the TGU. In 1935 she received her doctorate as a candidate for physical-mathematical sciences without having to defend a dissertation. In 1936 she became professor at the TGU (until 1973) and dean of the physical-mathematical faculty (until 1937). From 1938 she headed the chair for general physics and from 1939 to 1969 the chair for experimental physics . In 1941, she was to defend their dissertation for Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences PhD. 1969–1973 she was an advisory professor at the TGU.

The focus of Bolshanina's scientific work was the mechanical behavior of solids . She developed a theory of plasticity and investigated problems of heat-resistant alloys . Together with her teacher WD Kuznetsov , she wrote a textbook on materials physics . During the German-Soviet war she examined problems of Punzierens of metals in terms of penetration of armor . In later years the field of work steadily expanded. For example, the effects of alloy additives on the service life under tiring loads , the mechanical behavior of far-ordered alloys and the effects of plastic deformation on the Hall constant were examined .

1947–1959 Bolshanina was an elected member of the Soviet Union in Tomsk Oblast .

Professor Bolshanina Street in Tomsk has existed since 2004.

Honors

• Stalin Prize (1942)
• Medal "For heroic work in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1946)
• Order of Lenin (1954)
• Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1959)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Tomsk State University Professors Gallery: BOLSHANINA Mariya Aleksandrovna (accessed January 21, 2017).
2. ↑ Mariya Aleksandrovna Bol'shanina (on her 75th birthday) . In: Soviet Physics Journal . tape 16 , no. 10 , 1973, p. 1483-1484 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00894436 .
3. ↑ Сибирский физико-технический институт им. акад. В.Д. Кузнецова (accessed January 20, 2017).
4. ↑ Центр генеалогических исследований (ЦГИ): Большанина Мария Александровна ( Memento of the original from November 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on January 21, 2017). 
5. ↑ Bolshanina, M .: Hardening and Recovery as the basic phenomenon of plastic deformation (Russian) . In: Izv. TO SSSR. Physics . tape 14 , 1950, pp. 223-231 .
6. ↑ Bolshanina, M., Panin, V .: The latent energy of deformation (in: Solid Physics Researches, Russian) . Moscow 1957, p. 193-233 .
7. ↑ Большанина, М. А., Кузнецов, В. Д .: Физика твердого тела, Volume 2 . Красное Знамя, 1941.
8. ↑ Bolshanina, MA, Elsukova, TF: The effect of alloying on the lifetime and structure of lead alloys during fatigue tests . In: Soviet Physics Journal . tape 10 , no. 12 , 1967, p. 1-5 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00816253 .
9. ↑ Koneva, NA, Korotaev, AD, Bolshanina, MA et al .: Deformation hardening and the temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of ternary ordering alloys. Part II . In: Soviet Physics Journal . tape 10 , no. 1 , 1967, p. 19-22 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00823114 .
10. ↑ Panin, VE, Fadin, VP, Bolshanina, MA, Prushinskii, VV, & Ryabyshkina, GA: Features of the change in the hall constant during the plastic deformation of alloys with a low stacking-fault energy . In: Soviet Physics Journal . tape 11 , no. 4 , 1972, p. 4-7 , doi : 10.1007 / BF01890908 .
11. ↑ О присвоении наименований улицам и переулкам 4-ой очереди застройки мкр. “Наука” (accessed on January 21, 2017).