Autoput Bratstvo i jedinstvo

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Autoput M1 in the SFR Yugoslavia
Autoput Bratstvo i jedinstvo
map
Course of the M 1
Basic data
Operator:
Overall length: 1,188 km

Part republic :

Status: de facto dissolved

Under Autoput is understood in the German language, the 1,188 km long from west to south-east by the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia extending transit route from Austria to Greece (as well as Bulgaria into Turkey ). The word "autoput" simply means motorway in Serbo-Croatian (today: Croatian autocesta , Serbian autoput ). In Yugoslavia itself, the route was known as Autoput bratstva i jedinstva and had the official number M1 .

Naming

Since the street led through four of the six Yugoslav republics, it was named Autoput bratstva i jedinstva ( Serbo-Croatian for street of brotherhood and unity ) from Tito, based on the motto of brotherhood and unity of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia .

history

Young volunteers working in Slovenia.

Construction of the first sections began in 1947. In addition to the “volunteers”, the Yugoslav People's Army was also deployed on the approximately 400 km long section between Zagreb and Belgrade . In 1950, this section was continuously passable. Another section between Zagreb and Ljubljana was completed in less than eight months in 1958 by 54,000 volunteers.

course

The route, which was only partially completed as a multi-lane, direction-separated motorway, led from Jesenice in the SR Slovenia via Ljubljana to Novo mesto . From Bregana in SR Croatia it then led via Zagreb and Slavonski Brod to the SR Serbia border . From there it led via Belgrade and Niš to Kumanovo in the SR Macedonia . It continued in the Vardar valley via Titov Veles to the Greek border at Gevgelija and Evzoni .

Expansion status

Before the collapse of Yugoslavia, the autoput could only be partially completed as a multi-lane, direction-separated motorway; the majority consisted of a mixture of expressways and simple country roads: for example, there were bypasses and bridges or underpasses for low-level roads, but almost no high-level exits or junctions and few opportunities to overtake.

The following sections had been completed by 1991:

section Europastrasse Expansion status length completion
Jesenice - Kranj E61Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration "Expressway" with two lanes ? ?
Kranj - Ljubljana E61Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration Highway with four lanes approx. 20 km ?
Ljubljana - Novo mesto - Jankomir ( Zagreb bypass ) E70Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration "Expressway" with two lanes ? ?
Jankomir ( Zagreb bypass ) - Slavonski Brod E70Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration Highway with four lanes approx. 207 km 1984
Slavonski Brod - Sremska Mitrovica E70Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration "Expressway" with two lanes ? ?
Sremska Mitrovica - Belgrade - Leskovac E70Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration or. E75Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration Highway with four lanes approx. 277 km ?
Leskovac - Kumanovo E75Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration "Expressway" with two lanes ? ?
Kumanovo - Titov Veles E75Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration Highway with four lanes ? ?
Titov Veles - Gevgelija / Evzoni E75Template: RSIGN / Maintenance / EU-E integration "Expressway" with two lanes ? ?

meaning

Historical

Guest worker route and autoput in today's European long-distance network

The autoput was the most important traffic connection from Central - to Southeast Europe and was therefore often used by Yugoslav and Turkish guest workers who worked in Germany and other northern countries. The autoput was thus the extension of the route that was generally known in Germany and Austria at that time as the guest worker route .

Until the outbreak of the Yugoslav wars in 1991, the autoput had the reputation of being one of the most dangerous roads in Europe: The sometimes poor condition and high volume of traffic prevented relaxing trips; In addition to numerous trucks , the route was completely overloaded by guest worker traffic, especially in the summer months. Drivers overtired by long distances and the straight stretch as well as daring overtaking maneuvers - just like on the Austrian part of the guest worker route - were the causes of numerous accidents.

present

Developed motorway near Sremska Mitrovica in Serbia

Even today, the route of the former Autoput as Pan-European Traffic Corridor X is an important European main traffic axis. The individual sections of the route were gradually expanded accordingly by the successor states of Yugoslavia and the former autoput from the Karawanken tunnel near Jesenice to the Gevgelija / Evzoni border crossing (North Macedonian-Greek border) is now at least four lanes passable. The last missing sections in Serbia and North Macedonia were opened to traffic in 2019 (Serbia) and 2018 (North Macedonia).

The autoput went on in the following highways of the successor states:

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Autoput  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. RADNE AKCIJE NEKAD I SAD
  2. Uroš Lubej: Nova razstava v Dolenjskem muzeju: Cesta, ki je spremenila Dolenjsko (Slovenian) . In: Park.si , November 28, 2008. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved November 25, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.park.si