Kranj

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Kranj
Kranj coat of arms Map of Slovenia, position of Kranj highlighted
Basic data
Country SloveniaSlovenia Slovenia
Historic region Upper Carniola / Gorenjska
Statistical region Gorenjska (Upper Carniola)
Coordinates 46 ° 14 '  N , 14 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 14 '17 "  N , 14 ° 21' 21"  E
height 358  m. i. J.
surface 148  km²
Residents 56,081 (municipality; 2017)
Population density 379 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code (+386) 4
Post Code 4000
License Plate KR
Structure and administration (as of 2010)
Community type city
Mayor : Mohor Bogataj
Mailing address Slovenski trg 1
4000 Kranj
Website

Kranj ( German Krainburg ) is with 37,553 inhabitants (2017; in the core city) the fourth largest city in Slovenia and capital of the municipality of the same name ( Mestna občina ). The entire municipality with all districts has 56,081 inhabitants (2017).

location

Kranj is 350 to 406 m above sea level in the Upper Carniola (Gorenjska) on a plain bordered by the Karawanken , the Steiner Alps and the Julian Alps , conveniently located at the confluence of the Kokra (Kanker) in the Save (Sava) as well as at the junction of the streets Ljubljana (Laibach) ↔ Loiblpass (Ljubelj) / Jesenice (Aßling) and Škofja Loka (Bischoflack) ↔ Seebergsattel (Jezerski vrh).

Districts of the municipality

history

View of Krainburg by Janez Vajkard Valvasor , 1689
Kranj

Archaeological finds have been found in the municipality all the way back to the Neolithic Age. During the Lombard period (6th century) it was first mentioned as Carnium , from which the later names were derived.

The city belonged to the Lombards' sphere of influence until around AD 600, until it was probably destroyed by the Avars around 610 and could not be recaptured, the Lombard finds cease at this time. Subsequently, around the 7th century, Slavic settlement began. At the turn of the millennium, Kranj was the seat of the counts and the cultural and administrative center of the Carniola, a role that later passed to Ljubljana. It was first mentioned as Chreina in 1060 . The city gave its name to the Duchy of Carniola .

In 1221 the inhabitants were called "cives" (citizens), and in 1256 they were first mentioned as a town. From 1348 Friuli earthquake damage have survived.

The Margraves of Carniola resided at Castle Kieselstein (Kislkamen). The city wall dates from the 15th century. The city was also given the right to choose its own courts and councils. During this time, the city changed hands several times: from the diocese of Brixen to the Habsburgs ( Litorale ), to the Counts of Cilli and again to the Habsburgs, where they finally moved to the Austrian hereditary lands of the Holy Roman Empire , from 1804 to the Austrian Empire or Remained in Austria-Hungary from 1867 as a city in the Duchy of Carniola until 1918.

In the 16th century the city experienced an upswing due to the flourishing of mining in Carniola and Carinthia ; with its decline, the city also lost its importance.

From 1870 the area was able to develop industrially after the opening of the Ljubljana ( Ljubljana ) ↔ Tarvisio railway line (in the Carinthian Canal Valley , today only as far as Jesenice). The railway opened connections to Carinthia, Tyrol and Lombardy in the north-west, and connections in the south-east to Trieste , Graz , Vienna and Hungary.

In 1890 the city had around 2,000 mostly Slovene residents and was the seat of the Krainburg district administration and a district court that administered the Krainburg judicial district . In 1894 the grammar school was opened as Kaiser Franz Joseph grammar school. In the late 19th century, the Slovenian national movement awoke and found a vehement supporter in the Krainer Falke gymnastics club .

In 1906 the Karawanken tunnel from Jesenice to Carinthia was opened as part of a large imperial railway infrastructure project ( "New Alpine Railways" ) to connect western Austria and southern Germany with the port of Trieste and the connection was completed in 1909 with the completion of the Tauern Railway to Salzburg . Kranj had direct access to the German market.

After the establishment of the state of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes at the end of the First World War in 1918, the area developed into an important industrial center in the interwar period, largely financed by foreign capital. During the Second World War, from 1941 to May 1945, Kranj came under totalitarian Nazi rule, against which the partisans of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army fought.

Head of State Tito used Brdo Castle (Egg near Krainburg) as one of his residences. The castle is now used by the Slovenian government on official state visits and similar occasions.

Attractions

  • Kislkamen Castle / Kieselstein, once the seat of the Margraves of Carniola
  • Brdo / Egg Castle with castle park in Egg near Krainburg

Sports

One of the most famous sports in Kranj is water polo , whereby the local AKV Triglav has won several Slovenian champions. In 2003, the European men's A Championship took place in the city's swimming pool . In competitive climbing , organized by the International Federation of Sport Climbing , there is a regular World Cup of difficulty climbing in Kranj.

  • Panorama between Kranj and Naklos

  • Kranj, street

  • Kranj, street with church

  • Kranj, street with church (on the way to Britof)

  • Kranj, high school

  • Kranj, street

  • View of Kranj from Mount Šmarjetna

  • Panorama of Kranj

  • Pungert

  • Old post

  • Bauhenk ski jump

sons and daughters of the town

Town twinning

literature

Web links

Commons : Kranj  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Craynburg in the Topographia Austriacarum (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Craynburg in the appendix of the Topographia Austriacarum (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ citypopulation.de: Municipality of Kranj , accessed on December 26, 2017
  2. ↑ https://www.kranj.si/KRANJ_SI,,o_kranju,zgodovina.htm
  3. ↑ Wilfried Menghin: The Longobards. Archeology and history. Theiss, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-8062-0364-4 ( History of the Lombards from an archaeological-historical perspective ).
  4. ↑ Miha Kosi: City foundation and city development. Problems and examples from the Slovenian area . In: Pro Civitate Austriae. Information on urban history research in Austria. New series, issue 14, Austrian Working Group for Urban History Research, Linz 2009, p. 7.
  5. ^ Christa Hammerl : Conclusion: Effect distribution of the earthquake [January 25th, 1348]. In: P. Albini and A. Moroni (Eds.): Materials of CEC Project. In: Review of Historical Seismicity in Europe. Vol. 2, CNR, Milano 1994.