Count of Cilli

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Coat of arms of the Counts of Cilli (combined from Cilli and Sanneck)
Count of Cilli in The Structure of the Empire - bottom row, second from right
Quaternion eagle with the coat of arms of Cilli, heraldic left wing, lower row in the middle

The Counts of Cilli ( Slov. Celjski grofje ) were descendants of the highly free noble family of the Lords of Sanneck ( Slov. Žovneški gospodje ). Clever marriage policies and the clear recognition of political opportunities enabled them to achieve tremendous social advancement. At first they were loyal vassals of the House of Habsburg, later its most dangerous competitors. In 1341 they were by Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria to the rank of count and in the year 1436 by Emperor Sigismund in the Imperial Prince collected. The last Cillier, Ulrich II , was murdered in Belgrade in 1456 because of his politics . The steep ascent was followed by a sudden fall.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Ulrich II.

Square shield : 1 and 4 two red bars in the silver field ( Sanneck family coat of arms ); 2 and 3 three eight-pointed (also six-pointed ) golden stars (arrangement 2.1) in the blue field (Heunburg) (representation after Kraßler). On the shield 2 helmets, also spangenhelme , small helmets : 1. a flight with an inclined left bar, 2. six ostrich feathers one above the other (3: 3), covers : 1. red-silver (Sanneck), 2. blue-gold (Heunburg) after Valvasor's depiction of the coat of arms, but without tinctures )

The Counts of Cilli adopted their coat of arms from their ancestors, the Lords of Sanneck . Their original coat of arms were the two red bars on a silver background. In 1322 they added the three stars on a blue background, which were originally the coat of arms of the Counts of Heunburg . Today the three stars can be found on a blue background in the national coat of arms of the Republic of Slovenia .

history

The Counts of Cilli were the descendants of the Lords of Sanneck . These had inherited the Counts of Heunburg in 1322 and thus significantly increased their property. In 1341 they were enfeoffed with the county of Cilli by Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian and from then on bore this name. The most important representative of the House of Cilli was Hermann II. He saved King Sigismund's life in the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 and freed him from the captivity of the Hungarian greats in 1401 together with the later paladin Nikolaus Gara . Barbara , Hermann's daughter, became Sigismund's second wife. In 1420 Hermann II inherited the county of Ortenburg , which was subsequently administered by Andreas von Graben zu Sommeregg . He died in 1435. His son Friedrich and his grandson Ulrich II were made imperial princes by Emperor Sigismund in 1436 .

The Cillier owned numerous possessions in Styria , Carniola and Hungary. The last male offspring of the family, Ulrich , fell victim to an attack by Ladislaus Hunyadi in Belgrade on November 9, 1456 . Ulrich had two sons, Hermann and Georg, but both had died before him. The Habsburgs inherited most of the vast Cillier territories on the basis of an inheritance treaty.

The most important historical source on the Counts of Cilli is the Cillier Chronicle (part: Sixth Epoch From the elevation of the Lords of Sanneck to the rank of count to the death of the last Count of Cilli 1341–1456).

genealogy

  1. Friedrich I. (* around 1300; † 1359/60), ⚭ Diemut von Walsee († 1353/57)
    1. Ulrich I (* around 1331; † 1368), Count von Cilli, captain in Krain , ⚭ Adelheid von Ortenburg († 1391)
      1. Wilhelm (* 1361/62; † 1392), ⚭ 1380 Anna of Poland (* 1366, † 1425), daughter of King Casimir the Great
        1. Anna (* 1380; † 1416), ⚭ 1401 King Władysław II. Jagiełło (* around 1351; † 1434)
    2. Hermann I. (* 1332/34; † 1385), ⚭ Katharina Kotromanić / Tvartko (* around 1336; † around 1396), daughter of King Stephen II of Bosnia
      1. Hans (* around 1363; † 1372), ⚭ Margaretha von Pfannberg
      2. Hermann II. (* Around 1365; † 1435), Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia , ⚭ Countess Anna († before 1396), daughter of Heinrich VII. Von Schaunberg
        1. Friedrich II. († 1454), Count of Cilli and Ortenburg , 1436 Imperial Prince, Ban of Slavonia , ⚭ I. around 1401 Elisabeth von Modrusch-Veglia from the House of Frangepan († 1422), ⚭ II. Veronika von Teschnitz († 1425 in Osterwitz )
          1. (I.) Ulrich II. (* 1406; † November 9, 1456), Count of Cilli and Ortenburg, 1436 Imperial Prince, Ban of Slavonia, ⚭ Katharina Brankovič of Serbia († 1490/92)
            1. Hermann IV. († 1452)
            2. Georg († 1443)
            3. Elisabeth (* 1441; † 1455), ⚭ Ladislaus Hunyadi
          2. (I.) Friedrich III. († as a child)
          3. (I.) Johann (leg. 1447)
        2. Elisabeth († 1424/26), ⚭ I. (?) Count Heinrich VI. von Görz , ⚭ II. Erlinger von Schwarzenberg
        3. Anna († after June 23, 1438), ⚭ 1405 Miklos Garai (* around 1367, † 1433), Palatine of Hungary
        4. Hermann III. († 1426), ⚭ I. Elisabeth von Abensberg († before 1423), ⚭ II. Beatrix von Bayern (1403–1447) , daughter of Ernst von Bayern
          1. (I.) Margaretha († 1480), ⚭ I. Hermann von Montfort - Pfannberg († 1434/35), ⚭ II. 1444 Wladislaw von Teschen-Glogau (* 1420; † 1460)
        5. Ludwig († 1414/20)
        6. Barbara († 1451), ⚭ Emperor Sigismund (* 1368; † 1437)
        7. (illegitimate) Hermann (* 1383; † 1421), Bishop of Freising
    3. Katharina, ⚭ I. Count Albrecht IV. Of Gorizia, ⚭ II. Hans Truchsess von Waldburg
    4. Anna († after 1354), ⚭ Count Otto IV. Von Ortenburg , also Queen of Hungary
Seal of Ulrich II.

Ownership - an incomplete overview from the beginnings to 1456

As far as is known, the Slovenian or Croatian name is added to the German name of the rulership.

On the basis of an inheritance contract between the Counts of Ortenburg and the Counts of Cilli from 1377, when the Counts of Ortenburg died out, their property fell to the Cillier in 1418.

Own allodial possession

Sanegg - Žovnek (headquarters) ,
Osterwitz - Ojstrica pri Št. Jurju ob Taboru,
Liebenstein near St. Paul near Pragwald,
Schöneck - Šenek pri Polzeli (Heilenstein),

In the 13th century there were also important fiefs from Aquileja and the diocese of Gurk.

Sanegg and Osterwitz, the home of the Counts of Cilli in the west of the Cilli basin

Owned in Styria

Altenburg - Vrbovec / Verbovec,
Anderburg,
Cilli - Celje , since 1322,
Corner stone,
Eibiswald - Ivnica, Ivenca
Feistritz - Bistrica,
Frasslau - Braslovče ,
Furteneck ,
Gonobitz - Slovenske Konjice,
Heggenberg ,
Helfenberg - Soteški grad ,
Hoheneck - Vojnik ,
Hörberg - Podsreda ,
Königsberg - Kraljevec / Kraljevi grad,
Lviv,
Montpreis - Planina pri Sevnici,
Mureck - Cmurek
Neuhaus near Tüffer ,
Oberburg / Obernburg - Gornji Grad ,
Pfannberg ,
Peggau (1369-1373),
Luginsland / Luegg (near Semriach , 1369–1373),
Kaisersberg (1369-1373),
Grünberg - Gromberk (1369-1373),
Prassberg - Mozirje ,
Rabensberg - Koprivnik pri Moravčah,
Ratschach - Radeče,
Reicheneck - Rifnik ,
Rohitsch - Rogatec ,
Sachsenfeld - Žalec ,
Saldenhofen - Vuzenica ,
Schönstein - Šoštanj ,
Strechau ,
St. Peter above Freyenthurn,
Tüffer - Laško ,
Waldstein ,
Weitenstein - Vitanje ,
Wildhaus - Viltus,
Schmierenberg ,
Schalleck

Deposit

Radkersburg - Radgona,
Stattenberg ,
Wildon ,

Property in Carniola

Altenburg - Stari grad, since 1418,
Billichgrätz - Polhov gradec , 1364–1456, acquired through purchase,
Flödnig - Smlednik , 1328–1456,
Friedrichstein - Fridrihštajn , since 1422,
Görtschach - Goričane , since 1418,
Gottschee - Kočevje , since 1418,
Grafenwarth - Kostel , since 1418,
Count's Way - Knežji pot , since 1444,
Gurkfeld - Krško , 1351–1469,
Haasberg - Planina pri Rakeku , since 1435,
Kerstetten - Češnjice , since 1400
Krupp - Krupa Castle , in the 15th century
Landstraß / Landestrost - Kostanjevica na Krki , 1418–1431,
Laas - Lož , since 1418,
Litey / Littai - Litija , 1418–1431,
Maichau - Mehovo , since 1376,
Moräutsch - Moravče , since 1418,
Neudegg - Mirna , since 1339
Obererkenstein - Novi grad v Jablanici, since 1437,
Orteneck - Ortnek , since 1418,
Podwein - Podvin , since 1418,
Pölland - Poljane , since 1418,
Radmannsdorf - Radovljica , since 1418,
Ratschach bei Steinbrück - Radeče , since 1418,
Reifnitz - Ribnica , since 1418,
Stein - Kamnik , since 1418,
Stattenberg (in Obernassenfuß) - Štatenberk v Gornjem Mokronogu, since 1418,
Thurn am Hardt - Šrajbarski turn , since 1436,
Thurn unter Neuburg - Turn pod Novim gradom, since 1455,
Meeting - Trebnje , since 1418,
Vistula Castle - Višnja Gora , since 1418,
Weißenfels - Bela peč , since 1431,
Zobelsberg - Čušperk , since 1418,
Rudolfswerth - Novo mesto (as pledge)

Owned in Carinthia

Ortenburg county , since 1418
Sternberg (county), since 1418
Spittal an der Drau , since 1418
Rule of Paternion , since 1418
Upper and Lower Drauburg
Sommeregg , since 1418
Kellerberg , since 1418
Steuerberg / Steierberg, since 1418
Pregrad , since 1418
Weißenegg
Hard cutting stone , 1363 to 1425
Mautenberg (Muta, Hohenmauthen / Drau) (today Slovenia)
Versnigg - Breznik,
Falkenstein
Greifenburg
Treben
Mannsberg (from 1369, from 1373 deposit)

Owned in Croatia

With documents dated August 14, 1397 and January 27, 1399, Emperor Sigmund presented Count Hermann II of Cilli with numerous goods in Croatia.
St. Georgen - Jurjevo
Kopreinitz - Koprivnica
Štrigova
Krapina , since January 27, 1399,
Csakathurn - Čakovec
Cesargrad, since January 27, 1399,
Kastel, since January 27, 1399,
Kostainica - Hrvatska Kostajnica
Kamenic
Laboratory, since January 27, 1399,
Medvedgrad
Oštrc since January 27, 1399,
Trakošćan Castle - Trakenstein, since January 27, 1399,
Samobor
Steničnik
Vrana
Warasdin - Varaždin , since August 14, 1397,

Owned in (Lower) Austria

Mödling
Guntramsdorf
Rohrau
Liechtenstein Castle
Maria Enzersdorf etc.

literature

  • Heinz Dopsch : The origin of the Free von Sannegg and Counts of Cilli . In: Südostdeutsches Archiv 14, 1971, ISSN  0081-9085 , pp. 258-261.
  • Heinz Dopsch: Cilli , in: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Vol. 1. Munich 1974, pp. 314-316
  • Rolanda Fugger Germadnik (Red.): The Counts of Cilli . Regional Museum, Celje 2001, ISBN 961-6411-00-4 , (exhibition catalog, Regional Museum Celje, April 12 - November 30, 1999).
  • Bogo Grafenauer : Zgodovina slovenskega naroda (The history of the Slovenian people). Volume 2: Doba zrele fevdalne družbe od uveljavljenja reda do začetka kmečkih uporov . Kmečka knjiga, Ljubljana 1955, pp. 208-214.
  • Johann Matthäus Klimesch : The possessions of the counts of Cilli in Carniola . Manuscript Vienna 1918.
  • Milko Kos : Grofje Celjski (The Counts of Cilli). In: Srednjeveška kulturna, družbena in politična zgodovina Slovencev. Izbrane razprave . Slovenska matica, Ljubljana 1985, pp. 258–270, ( The history of culture, society and politics of the Slovenes in the Middle Ages. Selected treatises ).
  • Franz Xavier Krones Knight of Marchland : The Free of Saneck and their chronicle as Count of Cilli . Leuschner & Lubensky, Graz 1883.
  • Franz von Krones:  Cilli . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 257-266.
  • Ignac Orožen : Celska Kronika - Cillier Chronicle . Reprint of edition V Celi Natisnil Julius Jeretin 1854 (printed in Cilli by JJ). Facsimile Tiskarna et al., Ljubljana et al. 1997, ISBN 961-91139-0-X .
  • Hans Pirchegger: The Counts of Cilli, their county and their Lower Styrian dominions . In: Ostdeutsche Wissenschaft 2, 1955, ISSN  0078-6853 , pp. 158-200.
  • Rudolf Reichel: Outline of the Styrian regional history for the students of higher educational institutions and for the friends of history . 2nd completely revised and enlarged edition. Leuschner & Lubensky, Graz 1884.
  • Carl Schmutz : Historical-Topographical Lexicon of the Steyermark . First Part: A - G . Kienreich, Graz 1822.
  • Majda Smole: Graščine na nekdanjem Kranjskem ( Lords and Gülte in the former Carniola), Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana 1982.
  • Peter Štih: The Counts of Cilli, the question of their sovereign sovereignty and the country of Cilli . In: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 110, 2002, ISSN  0073-8484 , pp. 67–98.
  • Aleš Stopar: Stari Grad Celje . Regional Museum, Celje 2006, ISBN 978-961-6411-09-7 .
  • Franz Theuer : The robbery of the St. Stephen's Crown: the struggle of the Luxembourg, Habsburg, Jagiellonian, Cillier and Hunyads for supremacy in the Pannonian region. Eisenstadt 1994, Ed. Roetzer. ISBN 3-85374-242-4 .
  • Ignacij Voje: Slovenci pod pritiskom turškega nasilja (The Slovenes under the pressure of Turkish violence). Znanstveni Inšt. Filozofske Faculties, Ljubljana 1996, ISBN 86-7207-083-6 , ( Razprave Filozofske Faculties ).
  • Hans Wagner:  Cilli, Count of. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 254 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Katja Zvanut: Pečati Grovof Celjskih / Seals of The Counts of Celje . Narodni Muzej Slovenije, Ljubljana 2001, ISBN 961-6169-16-5 .

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