Montfort (noble family)

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The coat of arms of the Counts of Montfort

The Counts of Montfort were a Swabian noble family that belonged to the high nobility of the Holy Roman Empire , which ruled directly from the empire . The family died out in 1787.

The influential and well-to-do counts took their name from the ancestral castle of Montfort near Weiler in what is now Vorarlberg, near the Swiss border . With their dominions in Feldkirch (until 1390), Bregenz (until 1523) and Tettnang (until 1779) they had a decisive influence on the territorial development of Upper Swabia , Eastern Switzerland and Vorarlberg.

Map of the possessions of the Counts of Montfort and von Werdenberg in the 14th century

history

Origins

The original headquarters, Hohennagold Castle in the northern Black Forest , was built by the Counts of Nagold around 1100. Anselm von Nagoldgau (around 966) is the oldest recorded Nagoldgau count. This was followed by an Anselm von Nagoldgau (the younger) , which occurs in the years 1027 and 1048. Between the two Anselmen, who are the only known counts named after the Nagoldgau, a Count Hugo I von Nagold appears, probably from the same family, in 1007 with the town of Holzgerlingen assigned to his Gau Glehuntare , and opens the series of those since the last Quarter of the 11th century, Hugos, Counts of Nagold and finally Count Palatine of Tübingen became more common . Count Hugo V. von Nagold was referred to as Hugo I , Count Palatine of Tübingen , from 1146 at the latest . Presumably, this increase in rank was based on services that he gave the Staufer Konrad III elected king in 1138 . had done.

The coat of arms of the Count Palatine of Tübingen

The origin of the family of the Counts of Montfort can be traced back to his son Hugo II , Count Palatine of Tübingen († 1182). Through his wife, Countess Elisabeth von Bregenz , heiress of Bregenz , Montfort and Sigmaringen , daughter of Count Rudolf von Bregenz, he inherited the property of the Counts of Bregenz and thus - in addition to his powerful position in Upper Swabia - came into a dominant position in the Vorarlberg area / Eastern Switzerland. In addition, through this marital relationship he came into close family ties to Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa and the Guelphs (Elisabeth was - like Barbarossa and Heinrich the Lion - a grandchild of the Guelph Duke Henry the Black of Bavaria). A large part of the Bregenz inheritance went to his second son Hugo († 1228/30, III. Von Tübingen, I. von Montfort) after Hugos II's death , who called himself Hugo von Montfort from around 1200. His possessions included the county of Churrätien , Tettnang , Bregenz, Feldkirch , Sonnenberg , Werdenberg and Sargans . For the coat of arms of the newly created Montfort house, the coat of arms of the Tübingen Count House was modified and the red Montfort church flag was placed on a silver (instead of gold) ground.

Hugo von Montfort's older brother Rudolf I (1160–1219) continued the line of the Count Palatine of Tübingen; five generations later, however, Count Palatine Gottfried II († 1369) sold Tübingen in 1342 to the County of Württemberg and only had the title of Count of Tübingen ; but he inherited the rule of Lichteneck through his wife Clara von Freiburg . The line of his descendants, the Counts of Tübingen-Lichteneck , existed until 1664 and thus represented the longest existing line of the House of Nagold-Tübingen alongside the Montforters in Tettnang.

Feldkirch line

The aforementioned Count Hugo (III. Von Tübingen , I. von Montfort, † 1228) founded the city of Feldkirch and built the Schattenburg around 1200 on a hill above the city . It became the center of the Montfort-Feldkirch rule in the 14th century and thus became the successor castle to Alt-Montfort . In 1375 Burgrave Rudolf IV of Montfort sold the Feldkirch rulership, administered from the Schattenburg, to Duke Leopold III. from the House of Habsburg .

Bregenz line

Hugo II , Count Palatine of Tübingen († 1182), had inherited the property of the Counts of Bregenz through his wife Elisabeth . Under Montfort rule, the Counts of Montfort-Bregenz existed as a partial line from 1170 . They went out again in 1338.

As a result, the third house of the Montforters (the first was Montfort-Feldkirch ), the Montfort-Tettnang , from 1354 the line Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz , which was divided in 1379 into the older and the younger rule . This house brought with Hugo XII. (VIII. Von Bregenz , 1357–1423), minstrel and statesman, a prominent European representative.

Elisabeth von Hochberg (Hachberg), heir to Wilhelm VII († 1422), sold the older rule, part of the area, to the Habsburgs in 1451 . The younger reign was called from 1514 Tettnang-Bregenz Bregenz , since the Tettnang-Bregenz- Pfannberg / Beckach (see below) , a Styrian branch with the possessions which had acquired through marriage minstrel Hugo revealed. In 1523 the Montfort-Bregenzers, all of whom served abroad, also sold the other part of the Bregenz County. The Montfort-Tettnang-Bregenz house in the Styrian branch also inherited the Montfort-Tettnanger in 1574, and only went out in 1787, and with it the entire Montfort house.

Styrian branch

Hugo von Montfort (1357–1423), minstrel (fresco in Frohnleiten)

In 1362 Margareta, wife of the minstrel Hugo von Montfort (1357–1423) from the Tettnang-Bregenz line, inherited the Styrian possessions of her extinct family, the Counts of Pfannberg . Hugo took up residence at Pfannberg Castle from 1401 and joined the Styrian gentry. After Pfannberg was sold in 1524, the Styrian branch moved to Peggau Castle and called itself Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau , or more recently Montforth-Bregenz-Beckach . In 1574 the Tettnang main line of the Montforters in Vorarlberg went out and the Peggauer inherited their inheritance, so in 1596 they sold the castle and dominion of Peggau.

Werdenberg line (branches Heiligenberg, Sargans and Vaduz)

The coat of arms of the Counts of Werdenberg

After Hugos I von Montfort's death, his sons initially managed the family property together. Rudolf I is considered the progenitor of the Werdenberg family, although it was only his son Hartmann who had the title of comes de Werdenberch (documented since 1259). After both Rudolf (before 1247) and his younger brother Hugo had died, a division took place in 1258. Rudolf's sons Hugo I von Werdenberg-Heiligenberg and Hartmann I von Werdenberg received the southern part of the Montfortic property; with them the Werdenberg family branched out into the main lines Werdenberg-Heiligenberg and Werdenberg-Sargans . For the coat of arms of the Werdenberg house, the red Montfort church flag was converted into a black one.

Sigmaringen was owned by the Werdenbergers only for a short time from 1272 (until it was sold in 1290) by inheritance. In 1399, however, it was returned to the Werdenbergers by pledge from Württemberg, including the upper county of Veringen , and ten years later also the lower county. In 1535 Sigmaringen passed to the Counts of Zollern , whose descendants still own the castle and manor today.

Werdenberg-Heiligenberg branch

Hugo I von Werdenberg-Heiligenberg († 1280), was closely connected to King Rudolf von Habsburg and was able to acquire the bailiwick of Upper Swabia and Churwalden in 1274 and the county of Heiligenberg in 1277 . After his death in 1280 the family property split up, as a result of which the descendants of the older of his sons, Rudolf I, called themselves Count von Werdenberg from then on . Count Hugo III. added the castle and town of Rheineck , Hohentrins with Tamins , Reichenau GR and, through his marriage to Anna von Wildenberg, the dominions of Freudenberg and Greifenstein . As the successors of the Wildenbergers, the Werdenbergers also became monastery governors of the Reichskloster Pfäfers with the Vogtsburg Wartenstein .

Albrecht I was provincial bailiff around Lake Constance in 1327, and in 1331 of the countries of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden. He added the Reichsvogtei over Altstätten and the Rhine Valley as well as Wartau to the property. Albrecht I was in a feud with Count Rudolf III. of Montfort-Feldkirch, which heralded the decline of the family and enabled the Habsburgs to gain a foothold in Vorarlberg. In 1402 the Werdenbergers pledged the County of Werdenberg to the Counts of Montfort-Tettnang.

Through the marriage of Countess Clementine von Montfort-Werdenberg, the County of Werdenberg and the Lordship of Wartau came into the possession of Count Johann Peter von Sax-Misox (1462–1540) in 1483, who sold them in 1485 to the city of Lucerne. Through the marriage of Countess Anna von Werdenberg-Heiligenberg with Count Friedrich zu Furstenberg Heiligenberg in 1535 came to Fürstenberg , have the castle and manorial today.

Werdenberg-Sargans branch

Even under Count Hugo I of Montfort (* around 1160, † 1228), the presumably existing Sargans Castle was expanded as a small castle complex at the beginning of the 13th century . Around the middle of the 13th century, the complex became the seat of the branch of the Counts of Werdenberg-Sargans under Hartmann I.

The Montforters are first mentioned in a document in 1242 as Lords of Sonnenberg, with the division of the estate around 1260, the Sonnenberg lordship came to the Werdenberg-Sargans branch. Nüziders Castle was built in 1258 - it has been called Sonnenberg Castle since its reconstruction in 1409/10 .

In 1338 Ortenstein Castle came together with the other estates in Domleschg, the Bärenburg u. a. through the marriage of Ursula von Vaz to Count Rudolf to the Counts of Werdenberg-Sargans.

In 1455 Jörg (Georg) Graf von Werdenberg-Sargans (approx. 1427–1504) and his brother Wilhelm sold the festivals and rule Sonnenberg to Eberhard I from the Waldburg family , Jörg's future father-in-law. In 1483, the seven old federal towns acquired the county of Sargans , which became subject to the Confederates. After the death of Count Georg von Werdenberg-Sargans in 1505, Ortenstein was drafted as an episcopal-Churian fief.

Werdenberg-Vaduz branch

The County of Vaduz was created in 1342 by dividing the estate as part of the County of Werdenberg . This county was granted imperial immediacy in 1396 after the claims of the Counts of Werdenberg had ended four years earlier. The Count's line of Vaduz died out in 1416 and the Barons of Brandis took over the rule.

Montfort-Tettnang line

A grandson of Count Hugo I of Tübingen-Montfort , Count Hugo III. von Montfort , received the areas around Tettnang when the county was divided , and was therefore the founder of the so-called "Tettnang Line". Hugo III died in 1309; his son Wilhelm II inherited his territory. In the dispute for the throne between Frederick the Fair and Ludwig the Bavarian , he initially sided with the Habsburgs, but in 1319 defected to Ludwig. Therefore, the city of Tettnang was besieged in 1322 by the Habsburg Duke Leopold and completely destroyed.

After the death of Wilhelm V, his sons divided the county of Montfort-Tettnang into three complexes: on the one hand Tettnang, on the other hand Rothenfels , Argen ( Wasserburg Argen including Langenargen ) and Wasserburg , as well as Werdenberg with the Rhaetian possessions, the latter being lost to the Habsburgs by 1470. Ulrich V. (1440–1495) and his son Ulrich VII of Montfort-Tettnang († 1520) therefore resided in Tettnang as the capital of their county.

After the devastation of the Thirty Years' War , including the old castle Tettnang fell victim to the counts that took advantage of Montfort from 1629 Torschloss Tettnang as a residence. Count Johann X. von Montfort (1627–1686) had a castle built on the site in front of the castle ruins from 1667, today's Old Castle . In its modest dimension it corresponded to the economic possibilities of the counts, but not to their dynastic demands, since as descendants of the Count Palatine of Tübingen they regarded themselves as representatives of one of the noblest families of Upper Swabia and strived for a court that was appropriate for a ruling house.

Therefore, under Count Anton III. von Montfort built the New Castle as a baroque residence between 1712 and 1728 . But the construction tore a huge hole in the count's cash register, and after fifteen years of construction he had work stopped in 1728. After Count Anton III. was relinquished by the government because of the immense debt burden, his son Count Ernst (1700–1755) only had the court chapel completed in 1731. In 1753 the half-finished castle burned down to the ground floor vault. Count Franz Xaver (1722–1780) had the castle rebuilt with financial support from Austria.

In 1779 or 1780, the County of Montfort was forcibly sold to the House of Austria, far below its value, due to high debts - mainly caused by construction activity . With this, the last Montfort estates, Herrschaft Tettnang, Herrschaft Argen and Rittergut Schomburg were lost. The family died out in 1787 with the death of the last male bearer of his name, Count Anton IV , to whom the Habsburgs had given a small pension.

In 1810 part of the old county of Montfort around Langenargen and Tettnang, which had come to Bavaria after the Napoleonic reorganization, was transferred to Württemberg through an exchange of territory . After the fall of Napoleon and the dissolution of the Kingdom of Westphalia , King Friedrich I of Württemberg awarded his daughter Katharina and her husband Jérôme Bonaparte the title of Princess and Prince of Montfort. They never stayed there, but mainly in Trieste .

Personalities

Particularly outstanding personalities from the house of Montfort were clergymen, especially the St. Gallen abbot Wilhelm I and the Chur and Constance bishop Rudolf III, who also put their increased power potential at the service of the family. Rudolf III. was able to successfully transfer his reforms, which he carried out in the legal and financial area in the diocese of Constance, to the rule of Feldkirch.

While the Bregenz cousins, apart from the minstrel Hugo , hardly ever got beyond local significance, the Feldkirch counts met their subjects with generous freedom rights and a codification of the city law based on imperial Lindau law at an early stage and enabled democratic structures, in particular one Participation in political decision-making. During the Middle Ages, Feldkirch was able to surpass Bregenz in terms of population, economic power and political importance. But because Feldkirch came to Habsburg as early as 1390 , Bregenz and Tettnang became the headquarters of the Montforters. The Montfort family was next to Habsburg the most important noble family in the Lake Constance region until the 18th century .

coat of arms

Coat of arms from the Zurich coat of arms roll

The coat of arms of the Montforters is based on the coat of arms of the Count Palatine of Tübingen and shows a red Montfort church flag with three pendants and three rings on a silver background. The same coat of arms of the church flag but with different colors can also be found with the Counts of Werdenberg and since 1918 in the coat of arms of the Austrian state of Vorarlberg .

Family members

Lines of the Montforter (graphic overview)

Tübingen (?) Around 1150 Coat of arms Tuebinger.svg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gonfanon of Tuebingen unknown.svg(?) Montfortaround 1200
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gonfanon of Tuebingen unknown.svg(?) Montfortaround 1260
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Werdenberger coat of arms1.svgWerdenberger coat of arms2.svg Werdenberg (a) around 1260
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coat of arms Tuebinger.svg Feldkirch around 1270-1390, to Habsburg (d)Coat of arms at Feldkirch.svg
 
Coa Montfort-Bregenz natural.svg(e) Bregenz around 1270-1338, to Tettnang 1354
 
Coat of arms Montforter.svg Tettnang
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coat of arms Montforter.svgTettnang-tettnang 1354
 
 
 
 
 
Coat of arms Montforter.svgTettnang- Bregenz (e) 1354
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tettnang- Rothenfels (b) 1439
 
Tettnang-Tettnang 1439–1526, to Rothenfels
 
Tettnang-Bregenz younger rule 1379
 
Tettnang-Bregenz older rule 1379–1451, to Habsburg Coa Austria Town Bregenz natural.svg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tettnang-Rothenfels-Tettnang 1526–1574, to Beckach
 
 
 
Tettnang-Bregenz-Bregenz younger rule 1514–1523, to Habsburg 1543Coa Austria Town Bregenz natural.svg
 
Tettnang-Bregenz- Beckach (c) 1515
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tettnang-Bregenz-Beckach-Tettnang (younger Tettnang line) 1576–1780, to Habsburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
after Nachbaur 2008 (dashed lines show the transition of the properties to other lines)
(?) No color representations have survived for the older coats of arms.
(a)the older Werdenberg coat of arms around 1340 (Zurich coat of arms roll) still shows the black flag in silver, gold embroidered, cf. file: Pfalzgrafenwappen.jpg ; this line, like the main line in Tübingen, has other color variants in secondary lines.
(b)still with branch line Montfort-Rothenfels- Wasserburg from the 1450s
(c) Montfort-Bregenz-Peggau , called itself Montfort-Rothenfels- Pfannberg until 1524
(d)the black flag in silver resembles the Werdenberg-Heiligenberg , but they are Montfortian peace colors.
(e)after Arzet 1660/70, with the fur coat of arms of the Udalrichinger. This could also be pushed under, a silver shield is also possible, supplemented by a lion; the younger Montfort zu Bregenz led red in silver; See Codex Ingeram 1459, p. 92.

Tribe list

Family tree of the Counts of Montfort (around 1575)
(after Bilgeri 1971, 1974)

Other family members

(chronologically by date of death)

See also

literature

  • Martin Leonhard: Montfort, from. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Kurt Andermann, The Counts of Montfort - a family from Swabia . In: Journal for Württemberg State History , 79 (2020), pp. 37–54.
  • Andreas Arzet: Montfortic ceder or family tree: origin and tradition, stories and deeds, country and people of the Counts of Montfort . Arranged by Julian Schulz. Edited by Stefan Feucht, Elmar L. Kuhn and Alois Niederstätter. Eggingen 2018 (= Documenta suevica 26), ISBN 3-86142-605-6 .
  • Karl Heinz BurmeisterMontfort. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , pp. 51-54 ( digitized version ).
  • Karl Heinz Burmeister, Elmar L. Kuhn , Eva Moser and others: The Counts of Montfort. History and culture . Friedrichshafen 1982 (Kunst am See 8), ISBN 3-922137-16-4 .
  • Karl Heinz Burmeister: The Counts of Montfort. History, law, culture . Celebration for the 60th birthday. Edited by Alois Niederstätter. Konstanz 1996 (= research on the history of Vorarlberg NF 2), ISBN 3-87940-560-3 .
  • Karl Heinz Burmeister: Count Hugo VII of Montfort-Feldkirch-Tosters (1300-1359). Robber baron and patriarchal landlord. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 116th year 1998, pp. 23–34 (digitized version )
  • Karl Heinz Burmeister: Count Johann II of Montfort-Rothenfels (approx. 1490–1547). In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 123rd year 2005, pp. 33–57 (digitized version )
  • Alois Niederstätter : Manorial spatial organization in what will later be Vorarlberg during the Middle Ages. An overview. In: Montfort. 4/2009, pp. 231-258.
  • Otto Roller: The family tree of the Counts of Montfort up to the beginning of the 15th century. In: Communications from the Baden historical commission. Volume 21
  • Harald Schukraft : A Brief History of the House of Württemberg. Tübingen 2006, ISBN 3-87407-725-X .
  • Konrad Vögele: Counts and Countesses of Montfort in the 17th and 18th centuries. Your relationship to Salzburg . Senn, Tettnang 2010, ISBN 978-3-88812-225-5 , pp. 146-152.

Older literature:

  • Johann Nepomuk von Vanotti : History of the Counts of Montfort and of Werdenberg. A contribution to the history of Swabia, Graubünden, Switzerland and Vorarlberg. Belle-Vue near Konstanz 1845. ( Digitized in the Google book search).
  • Sauter: Noble families and families in the former county of Montfort. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 10th year 1880, pp. 115–116 (digitized version )
  • Konrad Roller: Counts of Montfort and Werdenberg. In: Genealogical Handbook of Switzerland. Volume 1, Zurich 1900/08, pp. 149-187.
  • Hermann Eggart: Pictures from the dynasty of the Counts of Montfort and Werdenberg. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 57th year 1929, pp. 117-136 (digitized version )
  • Hermann Eggart: The portrait painting of the Counts of Montfort. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 66, 1939, pp. 20-34. (Digitized version)

Web links

Commons : Montfort  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eduard Paulus: Description of the Oberamt Herrenberg.
  2. ^ Hugo I. von Tübingen, Count von Bregenz and Montfort ( Memento of June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), according to Genealogical Handbook of Swiss History, Volume I, p. 150, on genealogie-mittelalter.de
  3. ^ The sons of Hermann II: Hugo XVII. died in Höchstädt , Georg III. in Bruck an der Mur , Wolfgang II in Gurk and Johannes IV in Salzburg , only Hermann III. could rest in Bregenz. On George III. the Pfannberger go back, from 1524 Beckacher (Peggauer) go back. According to Karl Heinz Burmeister: Count Georg III. from Montfort-Bregenz-Pfannberg (approx. 1475/80 - 1544). A biographical sketch. In: Montfort. Quarterly magazine for the past and present of Vorarlberg. Vol. 61, Issue 1, 2009, ISBN 978-3-85430-344-2 , section The loss of Bregenz. P. 20 (Article P. 7–25, Article, pdf ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , vorarlberg.at, p. 17 there) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vorarlberg.at
  4. The Montforters did not renounce the title Herr zu Bregenz until 1752. Burmeister: Graf Georg III. P. 20.
  5. ^ Karl Heinz Burmeister: Count Georg III. from Montfort-Bregenz-Pfannberg (approx. 1475/80 - 1544). A biographical sketch. In: Montfort. Quarterly magazine for the past and present of Vorarlberg. Vol. 61, Issue 1, 2009, ISBN 978-3-85430-344-2 , p. 7. (Article, pp. 7-24; Article, pdf ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Vorarlberg.at, p. 4) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vorarlberg.at
  6. ^ Roland Weiss: The Counts of Montfort-Tettnang in the 16th century . Diss. 1992, p. 8
  7. Elmar Kuhn: The end of the Counts of Montfort. In: Mark Hengerer / Elmar L. Kuhn (ed.): Adel im Wandel. Upper Swabia from the early modern era to the present. Volume 1. Ostfildern: Thorbecke, 2006, pp. 213-228, ISBN 978-3-7995-0216-0 .
  8. Ulrich Nachbaur : The Vorarlberg state coat of arms from 1864. A contribution to the state and state symbolism. In: Montfort. Quarterly magazine for the past and present of Vorarlberg. Vol. 60, issue 4, 2008, ISBN 978-3-85430-343-5 , graphic 4: The Montfort house and its ruling lines (excluding Werdenberg). P. 249. ( Article, pdf ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Vorarlberg. at, p. 17); An older coat of arms of the Counts of Montfort can be found in: P. Andreas Arzet: Montfortischer Ceder or Unverwesner Stammenbaum of the Uhralten, famous Counts of Montfort. Constance 1660/70; Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, cgm 6364 (see Montfort, Count of in the Historisches Lexikon Bayerns ). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vorarlberg.at
  9. ^ Replica: The Vorarlberg state coat of arms . 2008, red in silver - the standard colors of the Montfort house? P. 249f. (pdf p. 17/18)
  10. Information by Walter P. Liesching: The family coat of arms of the Count Palatine of Tübingen. Comments on a coat of arms tradition. In: Journal for Württemberg State History. 48, 1989, pp. 83-86. Quoted in Nachbaur 2008, p. 249.
  11. ^ Benedikt Bilgeri: History of Vorarlberg Volume 1: From the free council to the state of the Montforters. Graz 1971, ISBN 3-205-07080-1 , p. 146.
  12. ^ Benedikt Bilgeri: History of Vorarlberg. Volume 2: Bavaria, Habsburg, Switzerland - self-assertion. Graz 1974, ISBN 3-205-07081-X , p. 36.
  13. a b The Counts of Montfort.
  14. G. Bucelin: Rhaetia Stemmatographica. P. 409.
  15. Karl Heinz Burmeister: Hohenegg, rule. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria . March 24, 2010, accessed December 15, 2018 . .
  16. ^ Karl Heinz Burmeister: Count Georg III. from Montfort-Bregenz-Pfannberg (approx. 1475/80 - 1544). A biographical sketch. In: Montfort. Quarterly magazine for the past and present of Vorarlberg. Vol. 61, Issue 1, 2009, ISBN 978-3-85430-344-2 , section The loss of Bregenz. P. 20 (Article P. 7–25, Article, pdf ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , vorarlberg.at, p. 17 there) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vorarlberg.at