Carl dirt

Carl (Karl) Schmutz (born January 1, 1787 at Frondsberg Castle on Feistritz near Graz , † April 20, 1873 in Linz ) was an Austrian regimental commander, farmer and local historian.

Life

As the son of the administrator, Schmutz, he attended grammar school and university in Graz. His areas of interest are jurisprudence , mineralogy and botany .

When Austria established the Landwehr in 1808 to oppose Napoleon , Schmutz stepped in and soon advanced to lieutenant in the 3rd Graz Landwehr Battalion and company commander. Archduke Johann appointed him captain “because of the excellent training of his people” .

In April 1809 the Styrian Landwehr in Northern Italy was under the command of Archduke Johann. Captain dirt was wounded and taken prisoner. After his release, he continued his studies in the natural sciences. In the war year 1813 his regiment was assigned to the Bohemian Army and took part in the battles of Dresden and Leipzig as well as in the battle near Hochheim am Rhein. In 1814 he marched into France with his army from Switzerland .

After the end of the war he quit military service, bought the Steyrerhof near Graz, and married Marie Morassi in 1815. He practiced agriculture and trained in agriculture, livestock, geography, statistics, terrain studies, cartography and history. The results of his studies are available in a number of articles.

His main work is the Historisch-Topographische Lexikon von Steiermark , printed in Graz by Johann Andreas Kienreich 1822-23 at the expense of the author. For seven years he was busy collecting the mostly handwritten materials for the 10,000 articles in the lexicon. At the same time the orographic map of the Duchy of Styria was created , from which he later worked out further editions.

Schmutz was also in contact with Archduke Johann, and helped him and Josef Wartinger to set up the archive of the Landesmuseum Joanneum (today the Styrian State Archive ).

The collection of the material for the extensive work, the travel costs and the printing costs of the lexicon could not be financed with the income from his agriculture. He therefore applied for state employment and was appointed appraisal commissioner for the cadastral appraisal in Styria in 1827. When the k. & k. Agricultural society for the state of whether the Enns was founded, he took over its management as well as the services of a secretary of the industry and trade association in Linz.

In 1851 and 1852 he wrote brochures about flax cultivation in order to bring this cultivated plant to the poor inhabitants of Upper Austria's Mühlviertel and give them a better livelihood. In 1850 he was summoned by the Ministry to the Agricultural Congress and in 1851 to the Customs Congress in Vienna and was sent by the Minister of Commerce as rapporteur for agriculture to the World Exhibition in London. In 1855, Schmutz gave up the position of secretary of the Upper Austrian Trade and Industry Association and in 1861 that of the secretary of the k. k. Agricultural society set up in Linz.

From 1845 to 1861 he edited the Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung for Upper Austria and was an employee of the state and national economic daily newspaper Austria published in Vienna . In 1857 he took part in the international statistical congress in Vienna as a delegate of the Linz Agricultural Society .

Schmutz died at the age of 87 in Linz on April 20, 1873.

Honors

• The agricultural societies of Salzburg, Vienna, Innsbruck, Lemberg and Brno appointed him a corresponding member.
• The Agricultural Society Dresden and the historical society Graz made him an honorary member.
• In 1828 he was appointed a corresponding member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Useful Sciences in Erfurt .
• In 1831 from the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich and from the k. k. Societies for agriculture and industry in Carinthia and Carniola appointed honorary member.

Publications

• Baron von Moscon zu Graz. Culture and promotion of botany in Styria. In: Hesperus' magazine , April 1814.
• Steyermärkische mineral springs and Gesundbrunnen. In: Der Aufmerksame magazine , supplement to the Grazer Zeitung , 1815, No. 144, 147.
• The mountains of the Steyermark. In: Der Aufmerksame , Grazer Zeitung , 1816, No. 48.
• The Grasel Cave near Weiz. In: Der Aufmerksame , Grazer Zeitung , 1816, No. 114 - about the Grasslhöhle .
• The Koruzen raged in the vicinity of Straden 1706. In: Der Aufmerksame , Grazer Zeitung , 1816, No. 115 - to the Kuruzzensturm .
• Roman antiquities in Styria. In: Der Aufmerksame , Grazer Zeitung , 1816, No. 119.
• The rural, urban, Sunday and industrial schools in the Grazer Kreis and the citizens' education institute in Graz. In: Der Aufmerksame , Grazer Zeitung , 1816, No. 143.
• The Mur as the main river of the Steyermark. In: Steiermärkische Zeitschrift 1821, 1st issue. P. 96-105, 2nd issue, p. 155-156 - Monograph of the Mur .
• Historical-topographical lexicon of Styria. (Secondary title: Styrian Lexicon ). 4 parts. Self-published (printed by Andr. Kienreich), Graz 1822-23:
  • Volume 1 A – G ( eReader, ÖNB ; MDZ ; Google );
  • Volume 2 H-M ;
  • Volume 3 N – Se ( eReader, ÖNB ; Google );
  • Volume 4 Si – Z ( digitized version, Google ).
• with Mikitsch: The first ascent of the Dachstein or Thorstein on August 5, 1823. In: Der Aufmerksame , Grazer Zeitung , 1825, No. 21, 22 - on the contemporary discussion about the ascent of the Hohe Dachstein .
• The Graselhöhle in the Gösser walls. In: Der Aufmerksame , Grazer Zeitung , 1840, No. 14.

Map series:

• Orographic map of the Duchy of Styria (1823)
• Latest special maps of the Cillier, Grazer, Brucker, Marburger and Judenburger Kreis (1831)
• Latest special card of the Duchy of Styria. By Josef Freiherrn Gall von Gallenstein and Karl Schmutz (5 sheets, Graz 1832).

literature

• G. Katzmann:  Schmutz (Johann) Karl. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 10, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-7001-2186-5 , p. 347 f. (Direct links on p. 347 , p. 348 ).
• Constantin von Wurzbach : dirt, Karl . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 30th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1875, pp. 341–343 ( digitized version ).
• Franz Ilwof :  Dirt, Karl . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, pp. 131-134.
• Franz Ilwof: Karl Schmutz. His life and work. In: Communications from the historical association for Styria. XXXIX. Issue, pp. 166-250 ( pdf, historerverein-stmk.at ).
• Franz Ilwof: Archduke Johann's letters to Karl Schmutz. In: Communications from the historical association for Styria. XLI. Issue, pp. 28-116.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Fritz Posch: Archduke Johann and the Styrian archives. On the 100th anniversary of the Archduke's death on May 11, 1859. IX. Issue (1959), pp. 16-28 ( pdf, historerverein-stmk.at ).