Stjepan II. Kotromanić

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Stjepan II. Kotromanić (* 1292 ; † 1353 ) was Ban (us) of Bosnia from 1314 to 1353 and came from the ruling dynasty of the same name , which determined the fate of some states in the Balkans from around 1250 to 1463 . Since 1377 they were kings of Bosnia and Serbia and since 1390 also kings of Croatia . His parents were Stjepan I (* 1242, † 1314), Ban of Bosnia 1290-1314 and Princess Jelisaveta (Elisabeth) of Serbia, daughter of King Stefan Dragutin of Serbia and Princess Katalin of Hungary. Stjepan II was married to Jelisaveta (Elisabeth), daughter of Duke Casimir of Kuyavia .

At the time of Stjepan II, Bosnia was still under the authority of the King of Hungary . Despite foreign rule, Bosnia experienced an economic boom under the Banus Stjepan. The production of agricultural products grew on the estates of the large landowners, crafts flourished, new mines were opened up, and domestic and foreign trade developed. The natural economy was replaced by the money economy, because Stjepan was the first Bosnian ruler to mint his own coins. Stjepan also wanted to consolidate his state politically. One measure in this direction was the marriage of his daughter Katharina (* 1336, † 1396) to the powerful Count Hermann I of Cilli . His second daughter Elizabeta (Elisabeth) married King Ludwig I of Hungary and Poland in 1353 .

At the time of the Banus Stjepan, Bosnia was still a small state located north of the Neretva and Drina rivers and centered on the city of Sarajevo . In order to expand his domain, Kotromanić took advantage of the internal struggles in Croatia. He first moved to the southwest, occupied the area of ​​the large karst regions (Zapadne strane - western parts), which stretched between the Cetina rivers in the west and Neretva in the east, and advanced to the Adriatic Sea . But he also expanded his area to the north and west, so that the borders of Bosnia already reached about the current dimensions.

Stjepan II died in 1353 and was buried in the Franciscan monastery of his main residence, Visoko . As Ban of Bosnia, he was followed by his nephew Stjepan Tvrtko I (1338-1391), who in 1377 became the first king of Bosnia.

The Bosnian rulers of the Middle Ages were almost all Catholic since Stjepan II.

See also

literature

  • Bogdan Binter: Zgodovina južnih Slovanov (History of the Southern Slavs), Ljubljana 1956
  • Lexicon of History , 2001, ISBN 3-572-01285-6
  • Hermann Grote : Family Tables , Leipzig 1877
  • Detlev Schwennicke: European Family Tables , Marburg 1984 (Plate 45, Counts of Cilli Princes)
  • Prince of Isenburg, Wilhelm Karl; Baron Freytag von Loringhoven; Schwennicke, Detlef (Ed.): European family tables. Family tables on the history of European countries, Swabia, Volume 12, Marburg 1992
  • Ignac Orožen : Celska Kronika , Cilli 1854 - family tree of the Cillier family
  • Frank Kämper: Stefan II. Kotromanić , in: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Vol. 4. Munich 1981, p. 176 f.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bosnia and Herzegovina . In: University of Oldenburg . August 17, 2017 ( uni-oldenburg.de [accessed December 28, 2017]).
personal data
SURNAME Kotromanić, Stjepan II.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION first Bosnian ruler who minted his own coins
DATE OF BIRTH 1292
DATE OF DEATH 1353